A form of passive transport that moves solutes(particles) from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, resulting in equal distribution of solutes
What is Diffusion
100
Fluid losses occur in one of these two ways
What is sensible or measurable and insensible or immeasurable
100
The major cation (positive charged ion) of extracellular fluid
What is sodium
100
IV Potassium should be administered slowly and never be administered as this
What is a bolus or IV push
100
Type of dehydration where there is greater water loss than electrolyte loss
What is Hypertonic dehydration.
200
This hormone is released by the adrenal gland as part of the renin-angiotension system and causes the kidney to resorb both sodium and water
Aldosterone
200
The three hormones that help maintain fluid balance are
What is aldosterone, ADH and NP
200
Normal levels of sodium are
What is 135-145
200
Normal levels for potassium are
What is 3.5 - 5mEq/L
200
Strict intake and output is an important nursing measure for children with dehydration. Children in diapers or who have excessively draining wounds require this to record accurate assessment of their output
What is weighing of their diapers or dressings
300
Type of fluid that has a higher concentration of solutes (particles) than water
What is Hypertonic
300
A teenager who plays high school football is attending three practices a day in 90 degree heat. The hormone his body will release in greater amount to attempt to help him retain more water is
What is ADH
300
In addition to being responsible for fluid balance another important responsibility of sodium is
What is nerve impulse transmission
300
The anion (negative charged ion) that is associated with sodium is this
What is Chloride
300
Moderate and mild dehydration can usually be treated with oral hydration and managed at home
What is True
400
Requires an energy source to move particles from an area of low concentration to an area of higher concentration
What is Active transport
400
A pediatric patient is admitted to the hospital with a weight loss of 7%, delayed capillary refill and dry mucous membranes. These are symptoms of
What is moderate dehydration
400
Signs and symptoms of hypernatremia include
What is change in level of consciousness, abdominal cramping, and muscle twitching
400
This cation is plentiful in the body and is responsible for the formation of bones and teeth
What is Calcium
400
An good way for a parent of a child to monitor for dehydration at home during an illness is monitoring of this
What is urine output
500
Fluid balance is maintained either by movement of fluid or this
What is hormones
500
Rapid infusion of hypertonic solutions is contraindicated because it can cause this
What is cerebral edema
500
Potassium is responsible for
What is maintaining normal cardiac function
500
Two noninvasive tests for the presence of hypocalcemia include these
What is Chvostek's and Trousseau's signs
500
A sunken anterior fontanel, absence of tears, dry mucous membranes and skin tenting are all signs of what degree of dehydration