Fluid Composition
How water travels between ICF and ECF
What is osmosis?
The hormone that water out is based upon.
What is ADH?
The two triggers to increase water intake following dehydration.
What is reduced blood pressure and increased blood osmolarity?
The three types of homeostatic balance.
What is fluid-balance, electrolyte balance, acid-base balance?
The functional tissue of the kidney.
What is the parenchyma?
Two ions that maintain membrane potential
What are Sodium and Potassium?
The structure of the kidneys where ADH is activated.
What is the collecting duct?
The water produced from cellular respiration.
What is metabolic water?
Reduction of total body water.
Elevation of total body water.
What is dehydration and overhydration?
What is the vasa recta?
Two ions that are high in the ECF.
What are Sodium and Chloride?
The effect ADH has on our urine.
What is scant and concentrated?
question: What are we utilizing to do this???
Brain receptors that increase your sense of thirst when you are dehydrated.
What are hypothalamic osmoreceptors?
question: what other sensations occur that increase our sense of thirst?
The reason we don't need to worry about over-hydration that much.
What is the incredible capacity of our kidneys to dump excess water??
question: what common pathology is considered over-hydration? What do you call it when you are in a positive water balance?
How the macula densa estimate blood pressure
The higher the hydrostatic pressure, the faster the filtrate will travel through the nephron. The faster it moves, the less time it will have to reabsorb NaCl into the bloodstream. This means that the higher the amount of NaCl is left in the filtrate, the higher the blood pressure will be. This gives the juxtaglomerular complex an estimate of systemic blood pressure.
QUESTION: what cells spread a message to the granular cells to secrete what?
What is Calcium!!
Alcohol and caffeine are considered this two D-words. lol
What are diuretics and dehydrators?
question: what does diuretic mean? What about diuresis?
Reduced blood pressure activates this to stimulate our hypothalamus and initiate our sense of thirst.
What is the RAAS system?
question: go over the RAAS system again y'all
What is hypertonic dehydration vs isotonic dehydration?
-hypertonic: negative water balance (more solutes than water)
-isotonic: volume depletion (same amount of solutes as water, but we don't have enough of either)
When vasodilation of the afferent arterioles is triggered because of stretch in the walls of the vessel.
What is the myogenic intrinsic control mechanism?
Question: What is the purpose of vasodilation? How are intrinsic controls different than extrinsic controls?
The difference between hypertonic and hypotonic.
The reason we can be over hydrated or under hydrated but still maintain tonicity?
A hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solute than another solution, meaning water will flow into it. (dictionary.com)
A hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of solute than another solution, meaning water will flow out of it (dictionary.com)
An isotonic solution has equal concentration outside and inside of the cell
The reason drinking a vodka red bull is bad news.
What explains this: When we drink water, your stomach distends, shutting off the feedback mechanisms to make you thirsty, before your blood is actually rehydrated.
What is short-term inhibition of thirst?
question: what about long-term inhibition? What does having two layers of inhibition effectively do?
The reason why we have both aldosterone and ADH to combat dehydration.
What is:
-Aldosterone draws in sodium and water, which is better to combat isotonic dehydration.
-ADH draws in only water, which is better to combat hypertonic dehydration.
The countercurrent multiplier.
What is the system "in the kidneys is the process of using energy to generate an osmotic gradient that enables you to reabsorb water from the tubular fluid and produce concentrated urine." (khan academy)
question: someone explain the salinity gradient and how it is maintained despite the constant reabsorption of water!! Also-- which capillary bed is considered the countercurrent exchanger?