acidosis/alkalosis Electrolytes
Define Acidosis
Blood ph below 7.35 (too acid)
when this occurs kidneys try to excrete more H+ ions.
Symptoms are - depression of CNS --> Coma
Fluid is Present in what two compartments
Intracellular - fluid within cells
Extracellular - Interstitial fluid and blood plasma
what is diffusion
passive movement of particles down a concentration gradient (from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration)
3 things that make up fluid homeostatsis:
fluid intake and absorption, fluid distribution, and fluid output
Increased BP will trigger the release of what hormone
ANP - Atrial Natriuretic peptide - this will reduce reabsorption of Nacl at kidneys - increase water loss and decrease blood volume /pressure
Define Alkalosis
Blood ph above 7.45 ( too basic)
Symptoms - excitability of nervous system , spasms convulsion.
what makes up 80% of extracellular fluid
Interstitial fluid
what system prevents rapid drastic changes in pH in the body
Buffer system - works rapidly to bind excess hydrogen when pH drops (acid) and releases the when pH rises ( basic)
How does the body gain water
Ingestion and metabolic synthesis (cellular respiration)
Normally Fluid gain = fluid loss
This hormone regulates water loss
Antidiuretic Hormone - ADH
this increases permeability in the collecting ducts by using proteins to form water channels to increase water reabsorption.
Chloride - most abundant anion (-) in ECF
Sodium - most abundant ECF ion
Potassium - most abundant cation(+) of ICF (determines ICF osmolarity)
Bicarbonate - important buffer of plasma
Calcium - ion in skeleton and teeth, ECF ( cation +)
Phosphate - present in bones, teeth and phospholipids
Magnesium - ICF cation (+)
Sodium -
what separates intracellular fluid from interstitial fluid
The plasma membrane of the cells
what is osmosis?
2 ANSWERS
a process by which water moves through a membrane that separates fluids with different particle concentrations
moves water into or out of cells to equalize the osmotic pressures.
moves from area of high concentration to area of Low concentration - down the concentration gradient
Intracellular fluids and extracellular fluids are normally what tonicity
isotonic _ cells neither shrink nor swell
ADH is often inhibited by what
alcohol
These control osmosis of water between compartments by creating a pull, carry an electric current, and help maintain acid base balance
electrolytes
There is a continuous exchange of water and solutes between the fluid compartments. True or False
True
Filtration, reabsorption ( in nephron of kidney)
and diffusion and osmosis among capillaries is what allows this to occur
metabolic water is determined by what
Cellular respiration: it is directly proportional to the amount of ATP produced
glucose+(6)oxygen -> (6)Carbon dioxide+(6)water+ATP
tell me what is hyponatremia. give me 4 signs and symptoms
mental confusion, cramping, twitching, muscle weakness
Low levels of sodium
what is aldosterone, where is released from?
Aldosterone is triggered by the release of angiotensin II when blood volume of blood pressure is extremely low. It is released from adrenal cortex helps the kidney reabsorb Sodium. This will lead to increased water absorption and increased blood volume.
during respiratory acidosis/ alkalosis what are your lungs doing.
respiratory acidosis- lungs not removing Co2 fast enough - due to shallow breathing, or lung disease unable to exchange gas.
Respiratory Alkalosis - excessive loss of Co2 - hyperventilation, blood ph rises (basic)
Osmolarity of capillaries is highly influenced by what?
Sodium (Na)
this is one of the primary triggers of thirst
Electrolytes have a greater influence on osmolarity because they dissociated into 2 ions.
excess body water elimination occurs how?
Increased water loss and increased solute loss
Water follows salt (solute)
What Determines the Acid / Base Balance
Hydrogen ions
Both of these hormones lead to increased blood volume.
ADH = increased water reabsorption
Aldosterone = increased sodium reabsorption at the DCT