Musculoskeletal System Diagnostic Tests
Components of a neurovascular assessment. Must list four.
What is capillary refill, peripheral pulses, sensation (numbness/tingling), skin temperature, skin color, motor function
"Red flags" that abuse may be happening. Must list four.
What are frequent trips to the ED or urgent care, various stages of bruising, explanation of injury does not match actual injury, patient is "clingy" or "withdrawn" with caregiver, lack of eye contact.
Cause of carpal tunnel syndrome.
What is compression on the median nerve
Move the patient to a cooler area and monitor LOC
What are an interventions for heat exhaustion
I am the metabolic breakdown of uric acid.
What is purine
A questionnaire is completed to assess for metal implants, educate the patient they will need to lie still for 15 to 60 minutes, used to visualize tissue densities by the density of hydrogen ions, and computer enhancement to represent normal and abnormal tissue.
What is an MRI.
The process of prioritizing the order of how patients are treated.
What is triage.
What are risk factors of osteoporosis? Must list four.
What are: decreased bone mass, hereditary, age-related changes, chronic illnesses (liver, lung, kidney), meds (steroids, anticonvulsants, anticoagulants, PPIs), long-term calcium deficiency, smoking, excessive alcohol or caffeine, sedentary lifestyle, eating disorders and IBS
Patient teaching post-op total hip replacement - must list four.
it is OK to lay on the operative side, do not bend hip more than a 90-degree angle, do not cross your legs, use a pillow or A-Frame pillow when rolling in bed, avoid low chairs/toilets, continue post-op exercises as instructed
The commonality of organ meats, alcohol, seafood, anchovies, sardines, venison, turkey veal, and sweetened beverages
What is foods high in purine
Elevation in extended immobilization and metastatic bone disease.
What is total calcium.
The most common cause of airway obstruction in an unconscious patient.
What is the tongue.
Complete tearing of ligament leading to instability of joint, major loss of function, and marked bleeding into joint
What is a grade III sprain
II: more severe pain - especially with wt bearing, edema and bleeding into the joint, some loss of function. Partial tearing of ligament
I: Tenderness at sit, minimal edema, no loss of function, no abnormal motion. Slight stretching and microscopic tearing of ligament
Two general types of traction.
What are skeletal and skin traction.
Age-related changes of the musculoskeletal system - must list four.
What are Atrophy of muscles, slower healing times, sclerosis of tendons & ligaments, fragile bones, decreased ROM, ossification, loss of bone mass, thinning of intervertebral cartilage leading to vertebral collapse and kyphosis, loss of joint cartilage leading to stiffness and crepitation, impaired circulation leads to muscle cramping - especially at night
Elevation may indicate rheumatoid arthritis or other autoimmune diseases.
What is rheumatoid factor.
The cause of a tension pneumothorax.
What is trapped air in the pleural space.
Usually caused by staphylococcus aureus which enters the blood stream from a distant infection or open wound. Causes sudden onset of severe pain, marked tenderness at the site, high fever with chills, edema of adjacent soft parts, headache, and malaise.
What is osteomyelitis.
Data collection after a suspected fracture. Must list four.
What is the mechanism of action, edema, neurovascular assessment, assess for deformity, motor function.
Order:
400 mL of normal saline to infuse via gravity over 3 hours. Your IV tubing has a drop factor of 20 gtts/mL
How many drops per minute do you need to set? Round to the nearest whole number
What is
400 mL . 20 gtts = 8000 = 44 gts/min
180 min 1 mL 180
Used to measure ROM of a joint.
What is a goniometer.
The amount of blood loss that can result in hypovolemic shock.
What is 500 mL.
Caused by restriction of blood flow, from internal or external pressure, in one or more muscle compartment of an extremity.
What is compartment syndrome.
The device used to maintain ROM of the knee after knee replacement.
What is a CPM.
You have an order to infuse 800 mL of NS over 8 hours via IV pump. What is your IV rate?
800 = 100 mL/hr
8 hours