acidosis/alkalosis
hypoventilation -> hypoxia, dyspnea, headache, muscle weakness, disoriented, dizzy, drowsy, hyperkalemia ( high potassium )
ph, paCO2, paO2, hcO3, base
7.35-7.45, 35-45, 80-100, 22-26, +/- 2
what is diffusion
passive movement of particles down a concentration gradient (from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration)
3 things that make up fluid homeostatsis:
fluid intake and absorption, fluid distribution, and fluid output
Intracellular fluid (ICF) how much body weight?
Makes up 42% of body weight
Metabolic ACIDOSIS symptoms:
headache, decreased BP, confusion, drowsy, compensating hyperventilation, nausea, vomiting, hyperkalemia, muscle twitching, warm flushed skin
electrolytes values
Sodium (Na+) 136–145 mEq/L
Potassium (K+) 3.5–5.0 mEq/L
Magnesium (Mg2+) 1.3–2.1 mEq/L
what does diffusion require?
requires proteins that serve as ion channels.
BUN lab value
8-20
"I ate 20 buns"
Tell me the difference between hyper, hypo, and iso, tonic
Hypertonic: pulls fluid from cells
Isotonic: expands fluid volume without causing a fluid shift
Hypotonic: allows fluids to move into cell
Resp ALKALOSIS symptoms:
seizers, hyperventilation, tachycardia, hypokalcemia, numbness and tingling, lightheadedness, neasua, vomiting, anxiety
3 things that make up acid homeostatsis:
acid production, acid buffering, and acid excretion—regulated by metabolism and normal function of the kidneys and lungs.
what is osmosis?
2 ANSWERS
a process by which water moves through a membrane that separates fluids with different particle concentrations
moves water into or out of cells to equalize the osmotic pressures.
give me 1 hypo, iso, hyper tonic solutions.
Hypo= 0.45% NS (1/2 NS) D5W
Iso: 0.9% NS or NS, Lactated Ringers, Plasmalyte, D5W BECAUSE at first isotonic than dextrose metabolizes making it hypotonic solution.
Hyper: D10W, 3%-5% sodium Chloride, D5NS, D51/2NS (D5 0.45% NS, D5LR
10% dextrose in water, 5% dextrose in normal saline , 5% dextrose in half-normal saline
you are in resp. ALKALOSIS. tell me your lab values
Metabloc ALKALOSIS
restless followed be fatigue, dysrhythmia (tachycardia), tremors, muscle cramps, tingling, severe vomiting, compensating hypoventilion
calcium TRICK QUESTION ;)
Total calcium (Ca2+) 9.0–10.5 mg/dL (2.25–2.62 mmol/L)
Ionized calcium (Ca2+) 4.5–5.6 mg/dL (1.05–1.3 mmol/L)
what is filtration
Water and diffusible substances move across a membrane in response to pressure
the process of separating solid particles from a liquid or gas by passing it through a filter SIMPLE DEFINATION
tell me what is hyponatremia. give me 4 signs and symptoms
mental confusion, cramping, twitching, muscle weakness.
sodium less than 135
what is aldosterone, where is released from?
adrenal cortex helps the kidney reabsorb Sodium
tell me resp acid/alk what are your lungs doing. metabloic what are kidneys doing?
metabolic alk - decrease acid or increase base
resp acidosis- lungs holding cO2
resp alk - lungs losing cO2
factors that disrupt electrolyte homeostasis
Diarrhea, endocrine disorders, and medications that disrupt electrolyte homeostasis cause electrolyte imbalances.
what is active transport
the process of moving molecules across a cellular membrane through the use of cellular energy.
Movement of molecules or ions uphill against osmotic pressure
give me the risk factors for fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base imbalances
as age (very young or very old), environmental factors, increases in GI output, chronic diseases, trauma, and therapies such as medications or intravenous (IV) infusions, respiratory diseases, burns, GI alterations, and acute oliguric renal disease.
You are in metabolic alkalosis. Tell me your lab values
ph HIGH, HcO3 HIGH