Fluids
This percentage of the human body is made of water.
What is 60%?
The normal range for serum sodium is 135–145; for potassium it is this range.
What is 3.5–5.0 mEq/L?
Blood transfusions should be started at this rate in mL/hr before increasing to 125 mL/hr after initial assessment.
What is 60 mL/hr?
This short-term vascular access device is inserted into a peripheral vein, typically in the hand or forearm, and should avoid areas of flexion when possible.
What is a peripheral IV (PIV)?
The five steps of the nursing process, in order, are Assessment, Analysis, Planning, Implementation, and this final step.
What is Evaluation?
This type of IV solution has the same sodium and chloride concentration as the bloodstream and expands plasma volume without moving water between compartments.
What is an isotonic solution (or 0.9% Normal Saline)?
This electrolyte imbalance is characterized by muscle cramps, hyperactive reflexes, tetany, and risk of torsades de pointes on ECG.
What is hypomagnesemia?
This is the MOST common type of transfusion reaction, caused by antibodies to donor leukocytes, and presents with fever and chills within 2 hours.
What is a febrile nonhemolytic reaction?
This long-term central catheter is inserted in the arm and threaded into a central vein; it requires weekly sterile dressing changes and should never be cut with scissors during dressing removal.
What is a PICC (peripherally inserted central catheter)?
According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, these basic requirements at the foundation—such as food, water, shelter, and sleep—must be met before moving to higher-level needs.
What are physiological needs?
These are the two types of fluid losses: one is measurable like urine and stool, the other is non-measurable like perspiration and respiratory vapor.
What are sensible and insensible losses?
Peaked T waves on ECG, muscle weakness, and increased risk for cardiac arrest are classic signs of this potassium imbalance, commonly seen in patients with kidney disease.
What is hyperkalemia?
This life-threatening transfusion reaction occurs when donor blood is incompatible with the recipient's blood type, often due to clerical errors, and causes fever, chills, low back pain, and hemoglobinuria.
What is an acute hemolytic reaction?
This emergency vascular access is drilled directly into the bone marrow, typically in the tibia or humerus, when IV access cannot be obtained.
What is intraosseous (IO) access?
Erikson's psychosocial stage for middle adulthood (ages 40–65) is Generativity versus the opposite state.
What is Stagnation?
This movement of water molecules occurs through a semipermeable membrane from an area of LOW solute concentration to an area of HIGH solute concentration
What is osmosis?
This sign—contraction of facial muscles when you tap over the facial nerve in front of the ear—indicates hypocalcemia.
What is Chvostek's sign?
If a transfusion reaction is suspected, the nurse must FIRST do this immediately, before notifying the provider or blood bank.
What is stop the transfusion (and keep IV open with normal saline)?
These three types of central lines are: one placed under the skin for long-term use (months), one inserted percutaneously for short-term use (weeks), and one implanted device that lasts forever.
What are tunneled, non-tunneled, and port central lines?
This patient education method, considered the BEST way to verify understanding, involves asking the patient to repeat back information in their own words.
What is teach-back?
This type of IV fluid (albumin, hetastarch, or dextran) remains in the vascular space for days, is much more expensive than crystalloids, and may cause circulatory overload.
What are colloids?
Hyponatremia primarily occurs due to an imbalance of THIS (not sodium itself), which pulls water into cells causing cellular edema and neurologic changes.
What is water?
This transfusion complication, known as TACO, occurs when too much blood is infused too quickly, especially in patients with heart failure or renal dysfunction, and can cause flash pulmonary edema within 5–30 minutes.
What is transfusion-associated circulatory overload (or fluid volume overload)?
This complication occurs when IV fluids or vesicant medications leak from a blood vessel into surrounding tissue, causing pain, swelling, and potentially severe tissue damage or necrosis.
What is extravasation?
This nursing practice involves asking open-ended questions about a patient's cultural beliefs, practices, diet, modesty, and healing traditions to provide culturally congruent care.
What is transcultural nursing (or cultural assessment)?