Sodium shenanigans
A sodium level that would indicate hyponatremia.
What is <135 mEq/mL?
Normal Sodium levels
What is 135-145 mEq/L?
Your patient has a severely elevated potassium, to lower the potassium you should plan on giving ____ and then hanging a bag of _____ to prevent complications.
What is insulin; D50W (Dextrose/Glucose is fine)
Furosemide is this type of diuretic
What is a loop diuretic?
Cerebral edema is a severe symptom of this electrolyte imbalance.
What is hyponatremia?
This happens in the brain when sodium levels are low.
What is cerebral edema?
Normal Potassium levels.
What is 3.5-5 mEq/L?
Your patient has a prescription for furosemide and during your assessment before med pass you notice that their blood pressure is running soft and their potassium is 2.9. What should you do?
What is hold the furosemide and contact the provider?
This diuretic spares potassium but excretes fluids and sodium.
What is potassium sparing (spironolactone)?
This electrolyte imbalance can cause flattened T-wave and a prominent U-wave.
What is hypokalemia?
Sodium is this type of Ion.
What is a Cation?
Normal Calcium Levels.
What is 8.5-10.5 mEq/L?
Your patient has a sodium level of 120 mEq/L, what concentration of normal saline should you plan on giving?
What is 3% NS (Hypertonic solution)
This diuretic is the first choice for essential HTN, but can cause elevated levels of uric acid which could lead to gout.
What are Thiazide Diuretics (Hydrochlorothiazide)?
A positive Trousseau's and Chvostek's sign indicate a low _____.
What is calcium?
Sodium primarily resides in ____cellular fluid which makes up ____ of the total body water.
What is extracellular fluid; 1/3 of total body water?
Normal chloride levels
What is 95-105 mEq/L?
You get your patients labs back and notice that their potassium levels are 7 mEq/L, what is the first thing you should do? (NCLEX style question)
What is placing the patient on telemetry?
Osmotic diuretics like Mannitol are most commonly used to treat this.
What is increased intracranial pressure/ cerebral edema?
This abnormal ECG finding is found in hypomagnesemia and is a medical emergency.
What is Torsades De Pointes?
This condition is caused by an overcorrection of chronic hyponatremia.
What is Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome?
Normal Phosphate Levels
What is 2.5-4.5 mEq/L?
You perform an ECG on your patient with severe hyperkalemia and notice that they have peaked T-waves. What medication should you plan on giving to stabilize the clients rhythm and prevent a potentially fatal arrhythmia?
What is Calcium Gluconate?
Conditions that cause increased intraocular pressure such as open-angle glaucoma are treated with this diuretic.
What is a Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors(CAI)? Ex: Acetazolamide(Diamox)
Your at clinical and you see Christian finish his 5th Reign of the day. He comes up to you and states that he's feeling more thirsty than usual, feels abnormally weak, has poor skin turgor and that he's having muscle spasms? You understand that he may have this type of electrolyte imbalance.
What is Hypernatremia?
(Caffeine is a mild diuretic and could lead to dehydration/FVD which could increase the sodium concentration)