Definitions
The concentration of particles in a solution or its pulling power is called this
What is osmolarity?
Normal range for sodium
What is 136-145 mEq/L?
Maintains blood volume, fluid balance, and major electrolyte in ECF
What is sodium?
This imbalance can cause these S/S: confusion, seizures, coma.
What is hyponatremia?
A patient with prolonged vomiting and diarrhea has a rapid heart rate and BP of 88/60. The RN believes the patient has this condition.
What is fluid volume deficit or hypovolemia?
The loss of water and electrolytes from ECF is called this
What is hypovolemia?
Normal range for potassium
What is 3.5-5.0 mEq/L?
Major intracellular cation that can cause deadly cardiac dysrhythmias when not in normal range
What is potassium?
The patient is complaining of muscle cramps and fatigue. The telemetry monitor shows new tall peaked T waves. The nurse is suspicious of this condition.
What is hyperkalemia?
This hormone regulates osmolality of body fluids by influencing the amount of water excreted in urine.
What is ADH?
This is the best indicator for fluid balance
What is weight?
Normal range for calcium
What is 9.0-10.5 mg/dL?
This electrolyte is deposited in bone and plays a role in parathyroid hormone regulation
What is calcium?
The patient is showing signs of this imbalance with these clinical findings: Chvostek's sign and Trousseau's sign.
What is hypocalcemia?
What are some examples of isotonic fluids?
What is NS, LR?
This type of spacing occurs when fluid is not lost but trapped into a transcellular compartment.
What is third-spacing?
Normal range for magnesium
What is 1.3-2.1 mEq/L?
This electrolyte is the considered the mediator and helps with relaxation of muscle
What is magnesium?
A patient has received multiple PRBC transfusions. The RN monitors the patient closely for this imbalance.
What is a hypocalcemia?
3%NS, 5%NS, D5 1/2 NS, 10% Dextrose, and 50% Dextrose are examples of which type of fluid?
What is hypertonic?
The body's stable internal environment.
What is homeostasis?
Normal range for phosphate
What is 3.0-4.5 mg/dL?
This electrolyte has a reciprocal relationship with calcium and is important to bones and teeth
What is phosphate?
The patient's urine output is consistently <30 mL/hr. The RN is suspicious of this fluid volume imbalance.
What is fluid volume deficit or hypovolemia?
Hypotonic fluids such as 1/2 NS, 1/4 NS, and D5W can cause which serious complication?
What is cerebral edema?