Sodium
When a patient is Hypernatremic what type of iv is given.
0.45 Normal Saline
What do you need to limit consumption of when low in magnesium?
Alcohol
What happens to a person's GI tract when they are hyperkalemic?
It will make it hyperactive.
Someone in hypocalcemia will show these 2 signs.
Positive trousseau’s and chvostek’s signs
What happens to blood cells when a patient's sodium level is 150?
The cells will shrink
Range for normal phosphate levels
2-4.5 MG/DL
What is normal range for chloride levels?
98-106 mEq/L
DOUBLE JEOPARDY!!!!!!
Name at least 4 symptoms of Hypernatremia.
•Thirst, dry sticky mucous membranes
•Weakness, elevated temp
•Confusion & irritability
•Decreased LOC, hallucination & seizures
•Serum osmolality >290 mOsm/kg
Why do we monitor neuromuscular status when the patient has low or high magnesium?
Both low and high magnisium show symptoms related to reflexes and tremors.
What procedure is used to help remediate hyperkalemia?
Dialysis
What kind of precautions would a person on hypocalcemia be on?
Fall and seizure precautions
An alchoholic patient comes in with vertigo, confusion, and increased reflexes. What lab value do you expect to be irregular and in which direction?
Their magnisium is low.
What precautions would you initiate for a person with low phosphate levels?
Fall and safety precautions
What cation is chloride closely related to?
Sodium
What is the normal sodium level range?
135-145 MEQ/L
What 2 vital signs are going to be elevated for patients with Hypomagnesemia.
Heart rate and Blood pressure.
Why is being hypokalemic so dangerous to the heart?
Low potassium can cause irregular pulses and cardiac dysrhythmias.
What is normal range for calcium levels?
9-10.5 MG/DL
A patient is DKA and has a Potassium of 5.8. What will happen when insulin is given?
The potassium will shift into the cells.
What type of foods should you avoid for hyperphosphoremia (Name at least 3)
Dairy products, Cola Drinks, Organ meats and Processed foods
What kind of diet would a patient be on with a Cl- level of 120?
Low sodium diet.
What kinds of foods would a person with hyponatremia be given.
High Sodium foods. CHIPS!!!!
What type of diuretic is given for a patient with a magnisium of 3.2 MEQ/L?
Loop diuretic.
DOUBLE JEOPARDY!!!!!!
Name 4 potassium high foods that aren't fruits.
Fish (not shellfish), whole grains, nuts, broccoli, cabbage, carrots, potatoes with skins.
What specific foods should patients avoid when hypercalcemic?
Dark green leafy vegetables, canned salmon, soy products and milk
What type of monitor is used for irregular values of, Magnesium, potasium and calcium?
Cardiac monitor
When a patient has irregular phosphate levels what lab values do you monitor besides phosphate?
Calcium, magnesium and potassium
A patient comes to the ER and lab results show their Cl- level is 70. What would you restrict from their diet immediately?
water intake
A patient comes into the ER with severe lethargy and muscle cramping. They state they are a new marathon runner and they are confused why they are feeling like this because they have been drinking plenty of water. What type of education should you give this patient?
Teach them that drinking only water doesn't replenish their electrolytes and they are hyponatremic right now. Tell them to drink a sports drink when running.
A vegan comes to the ER and after lab results come back you find they are hypomagnismic. What foods would you reccomend them. (Name at least 4)
Cereal grains, nuts, dried fruit, legumes, and green leafy vegetables
A patient comes in with chest pain. When doing a physical assessment you ask about their diet and they say they are on a new diet that forces him to eat only Fish, whole grains, walnuts, steamed broccoli, pickled cabbage, baby carrots, and baked potatoes with skins. Do you expect potassium levels to be high, low or normal in this patient?
It would be high all those foods are high in Potassium.
A patient comes in to the ER for dysuria. You get lab results and their Calcium level is 12. What do you suspect the patient has?
Kidney Stones.
Why don't nurses push Potassium into people with hypokalemia?
Pushed potassium is the same thing that is in lethal injection.
A patient complains of intensly itchy skin, muscle spasms and calcium-phosphate deposits. What inbalance do you expect?
Hyperphosphatemia
A patient comes in hyperventilating. They can barely stand, and look very dehydrated. What do you suspect they have?
Hyperchloremia