Fluid excess
Excessive amount of fluid in the interstitial compartment, causing a swelling or enlargement of the tissues.
What is edema?
Tetany, tingling fingers, mental confusion, irritability, arrhythmias, weak heart contractions
What are signs/symptoms of Hypocalcemia?
Headache, confusion, and seizures.
What are the neurological signs/symptoms associated with hyponatremia?
abnormal levels can lead to serious cardiac dysrhythias and cardiac arrests.
What is hyperkalemia or hypokalemia?
dehydration is another term used to describe this fluid volume status
Fluid build up in the abdominal cavity.
Skeletal muscle spasms causing prolonged contraction and/or cramps.
What is tetany?
Edema, lethargy, agitation, elevated blood pressure, thirst.
What are signs/symptoms associated with hypernatremia?
Major intracellular cation.
What is Potassium (K+)?
insufficient body fluid resulting from inadequate intake of excessive loss of fluids or a combination of the two.
What is dehydration?
A depression or "pit" remains after the finger is removed from the patients skin
What is pitting edema
These help maintain calcium balance in the body.
Parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, vitamin D and phosphate.
Hormonal imbalances such as insufficient aldosterone, adrenal insufficiency and excess ADH secretion.
shallow respiration due to muscle weakness, "pins and needles" sensation (parathesias), fatigue, decreased appetite and nausea.
What are the physiologic effects of Hypokalemia?
These are signs that the body is attempting to compensate for fluid loss.
What are increased thirst, increased heart rate, pale and cool skin, decreased urine output?
signs of fluid excess affecting the respiratory system
What are rales, cough and pulmonary congestion?
Lethargy, anorexia, nausea, constipation, polyuria, thirst, kidney stones, increase blood pressure, arrhythmia.
What are signs/symptoms associated with Hypercalcemia?
Excessive sodium from ingestion of large amounts of sodium without proportioate water intake or a loss of water from the body that is faster that the loss of sodium.
What is Hypernatremia?
this hormone promotes movement of potassium into cells.
What is insulin?
Dry mucous membranes, decreased skin turgor, lower blood pressure, weak pulse.
What are signs and symptoms associated with fluid deficit?
slow bounding pulse, high blood pressure
Hypoparathyroidism, malaborption syndrome, deficient serum albumin, increased serum PH
What are some causes of Hypocalcemia?
It is the primary cation in the extracellular fluid.
What is sodium (Na+)?
bananas, citrus fruits, tomatoes, and lentils.
What are some foods high in potassium?
Vomiting, diarrhea, excessive sweating,diabetic ketoacidosis.
What are causes for fluid volume deficit?