Disorders
Fluid and electrolyte disorder typically caused by alcoholism.
what is Hypomagnesemia
A pt enters the er, upon assessment the patient has tetany and a positive trosseau and chovstek sign. Without running labs, the nurse know that the patient maybe experiencing which two electrolyte disorders.
what is hypomagnesemia and hypocalcemia. Additionally hypomagnesemia often causes hypocalcemia.
A patient how has had diarrhea for the past 3 days has a BUN:Creatinine ratio of 20:1, hematocrit of 54%, serum osmolarity of 310 mOsm/kg, and a urine specific gravity of 1.035. These labs tell us the patient is experiencing what
What is Fluid volume deficit
A patient with a serum potassium of 6.5 is ordered IV insulin, why was this ordered?
Insulin pulls K back into the cell from the blood
Normal potassium level
3.5 - 5.5
Hypervolemia has an increase in blood pressure because of
what is more fluid in the vessel increases blood pressure. More fluid = more pressure
A patient in the er has been experiencing acute weight loss, decreased urination, dizziness upon changing positions, and heart palpations. They report vomiting profusely over the past 3 days. The nurse knows the patient could be experiencing
What is fluid volume deficit
A patient experiencing fluid volume excess has gained 2.2 lbs in the past 24 hrs this is significant because
2.2 lbs is roughly 1 L, the nurse needs to report this to the physician immediately
What is the least invasive treatment first such as PO fluids/sups/foods or restricting foods/fluids/sups. Only when severe do you use IV fluids or drugs
Parathyroid hormone controls calcium by
IV fluids containing Calcium gluconate is used to treat. Describe how
what is
Hyperkalemia - protects heart from arrythmias
Hypocalcemia - gives the patient pt more Ca
Hypermagnesemia - reverses effects of hyper-mg
A patient in the hospital has been hooked up to an ECG and the nurse notices a tall peaked T wave, this is significant because
With SIADH labs may show a decreased serum osmolarity but an increased urine osmolarity, this is because
what is water retention dilutes serum levels but despite adequate fluids, the pt is not peeing so the urine has more particles compared to fluids
A patient with hypercalcemia is ordered to do what
what is increase mobilization. This helps move Ca from blood back into the bone
When giving Calcium Gluconate you need to monitor what
What is BP and Brady-C. Put patient on ECG to monitor heart. If you admin too fast, it can stop the heart and if the heart slows down even if a little we are afraid it will stop it all the way. Also monitor IV site for phelbitis or infiltrated. Dilute in D5W. Watch pt's on digoxin because it can increase risk of dig tox
Patients experiencing hypernatremia experience seizures, orthostatic hypotension, tendon reflex diminished and spasms of the muscles. As nurses we would be worried about what for this patient? Further elaborate on what we are worried about with seizures specifically
What is fall risk?
A patient in has been diagnosed with hypocalcemia. The nurse knows that with hypocalcemia the patient may have muscle spasm. Specifically, the nurse is concerned about what kind of spasms and why?
What is laryngospasms and this could compromises the patients airway
A patient has hypernatremia, the labs show similar values to FVD, why is this?
What is Hypernatremia can be caused by losing to much fluids compared to intake which is also a primary cause of FVD
With severe hypomagnesemia a patient is ordered magnesium sulfate, the nurse has what ready at the bedside
What is calcium gluconate incase of magnesium overdose
When a patient has low serum potassium levels the doctor may order to give potassium. As a nurse you know to never admin potassium via
What is IV push, this can stop the heart
What is Cell burst, adrenal insufficiency, renal failure, excessive intake, drugs
Hypermagnesemia can cause low blood pressure how is the clinically significant?
For eclampsia and preeclampsia patients magnesium sulfate can be give to safely lower bp and prevent seizures
A nurse checks a patients serum albumin levels when they have been diagnosed with hypocalcemia, why did they do this?
What is A reduction in total serum calcium can result from a decrease in albumin
Why would you hold loop and thiazide diuretics when a patient has hypokalemia or hypomagnesemia
What is these drugs waste K and MG
The RAAS produces what hormone that retains sodium and water but wastes potassium?
What is aldosterone?