TPN
TPN provides nutrition intravenously, bypassing this part of the body.
What is gastrointestinal tract
This is the most common transfusion reaction, presenting with fever, chills, and headache without hemolysis.
What is a febrile non-hemolytic reaction?
What is the first action the RN must take when any blood transfusion reaction is suspected?
Stop the transfusion immediately.
What blood type is the universal donor for red blood cell transfusions?
O negative
What kind of tubing is needed to administer Blood Products properly?
Y-Tubing
TPN is high in glucose; this v/s and lab should be monitored closely.
What is blood glucose levels
A life-threatening transfusion reaction characterized by hypotension, bronchospasm, dyspnea, and possible cardiac arrest.
What is an anaphylactic reaction?
This reaction is commonly identified by local redness, itching, hives, and asthmatic wheezing.
Allergic reaction
What IV fluid is the only acceptable solution to run with a blood transfusion?
0.9% Normal Saline
What has to be obtained in order to administer blood products?
Consent and Orders (Cross and Match Order)
What can occur if the infusion is stopped abruptly
Hypoglycemia
Caused by rapid infusion of blood products, this reaction leads to dyspnea, crackles, and pulmonary edema.
What is transfusion-associated circulatory overload?
Immediate nursing action if TPN is stopped abruptly and the patient develops S/S of hypoglycemia.
Administer IV dextrose.
What is the minimum number of licensed personnel required to verify blood before administration?
2 RNs
What rate do you start transfusion at for the blood product?
75mL/hr (then increase to 150/200 mL/hr if no reaction)
This line type is typically required for TPN administration due to the high osmolality of the solution.
What is a central venous catheter
This fatal reaction is caused by donor antibodies attacking recipient tissues, often in immunocompromised patients.
What is transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease?
S/S of this reaction are chills and malaise occurring from a reaction of the WBCs in the donors blood.
Febrile reaction
What symptom during a transfusion suggests a possible allergic reaction?
Itching or urticaria (hives)
How long do you have to give the whole blood product after getting it from the blood bank?
4 hours
What serious complication can occur if bacteria or fungi contaminate a TPN solution
What is sepsis/bloodstream infection
A dangerous complication of starting TPN too quickly, marked by severe electrolyte shifts like low phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium.
What is refeeding syndrome?
This transfusion reaction is caused by ABO/Rh incompatibility and can quickly lead to shock if not recognized immediately.
Hemolytic reaction
What is the universal recipient?
AB positive
What are the types of blood products?
Whole Blood, RBC,WBC, platelets, plasma