Movement of H2O through a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration (to dilute).
What is OSMOSIS
100
Acronym for s/s of hypernatremia
What is SALT-E
Skin flushed
Agitation
Low grade fever
Thirst
Edema
100
Movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration resulting in equal distribution.
What is DIFFUSION
100
You elicit positive responses by checking these sign's when assessing for hypocalcemia
What are CHVOSTEK'S and TROUSSEAU'S signs
100
pH 7.54, CO2 44, HCO3- 28
What is UNCOMPENSATED METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
200
An accumulation of fluid in the interstitial fluid compartment between cells and tissues. This is what type of fluid?
What is EDEMA. ECF.
200
The number one concern for a patient with hyperkalemia and how do we monitor for it?
What is DYSRHYTHMIAS ... EKG.
200
In hypovolemia you would expect to see the HCT go in this direction?
What is INCREASE
200
Nsg care for the patient with hypocalcemia d/t post-op immobility
What is GET THEM UP AND MOVING ASAP
200
Simple treatment for a patient with respiratory alkalosis
What is BREATHING INTO A PAPER BAG
300
List 4 possible causes of hypovolemia.
What is vomiting, diarrhea, meds (diuretics), severe sweating (diaphoresis), certain medical conditions (Diabetes insipidus), fluid shifts (like burns), reduced intake, age (young and elderly)
300
This electrolyte is used in the formation of this major gastric secretion (2 parts)
What is CHLORIDE and HYDROCHLORIC ACID
300
To prevent hypophosphatemia we can give this supplement...
What is Vit D
300
A pt is showing poor skin turgor, hypotension, dry/cracked lips. Which order do you expect to carry out?
What is admin NS or LR (isotonic solutions)
300
pH 7.28, CO2 52, HCO3- 25
What is RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS
400
List 5 s/s of hypervolemia
What is... crackles/wheezes in lungs, bounding pulse, HTN, JVD, edema/acites, wt gain, dyspnea, rapid breathing, moist/cool/pale skin. Labs decreased.
400
2 types of causes hyponatremia
What is DEPLETIONAL and DILUTIONAL
400
Dietary sources to treat hypomagnesemia
What is GREEN/LEAFY VEGETABLES, SEEDS, LEGUMES, WHOLE GRAINS, SEAFOOD, PEANUT BUTTER, COCOA
400
Dietary sources to avoid for the pt with hypervolemia or hypernatremia
What is canned foods, processed foods, cheeses, ketchup, frozen meals, etc.
400
Regulators of acid-base balance in the body. List in order of speed. (which happens the fastest - slowest)
What is Chemical & protein buffers, lungs, kidneys
500
Describe labs used to indicate a fluid volume problem (hyper or hypovolemia)
What is.. BUN, H&H, Na+, Urine specific gravity, serum osmolality. All labs increase in hypovolemia and decrease in hypervolemia.
500
The normal ranges (mg/dL) for calcium
What is 9-10.5mg/dL
500
muscle cramping, hypoactive DTRs, constipation, weak/irregular pulse, paresthesias are s/s of which electrolyte imbalance
What is hypokalemia
500
When the pt has hyperparathyroidism, we need to be watching for which electrolyte imbalance. Why?
What is hypercalcemia because PTH pulls calcium from the bone into the serum
500
Salicylate toxicity can cause 2 different pH imbalances. Which 2?
What is respiratory alkalosis (early) and metabolic acidosis (late)