Fluid Volume Excess
Excessive fluid volume is also referred to as?
Hypervolemia
Deficient fluid volume is also referred to as?
hypovolemia or dehydration
What is the normal sodium level in the blood?
136-145 mEq/L.
Potassium is responsible for normal?
Cardiac function, neural function, and muscle contractility
Why is a low or elevated K+ (potassium level dangerous?
Can cause cardiac arrhythmias.
What is the daily fluid intake for an adult?
What is the daily fluid output?
2.5 L or 2.500 ml/day intake and 2,500 mL fluid output.
What clients have a greater risk of developing FV deficiency?
What is the normal Potassium level range?
3.5-5.0
What is Hyponatremia? What causes it?
Low sodium <135. Causes: excess water intake or excessive administration of hypotonic IV solutions.
Rehydrating with only water, no sports drinks to replace electrolytes (marathon runner).Symptoms: headache, confusion, seizures, and coma.
Why is this class fun?
Because it just is! Cherie is our teacher (lol)
Signs & Symptoms of fluid overload are?
pitting edema, ascites, & dyspnea and crackles from fluid in the lungs. Edema is swelling in dependent tissues due to fluid accumulation in the interstitial spaces. Ascites is fluid retained in the abdomen.
Signs/symptoms of dehydration for adults are?
What is the normal albumin level? What does it measure?
3.5-5.5 g/100ml Protein level
What is hypernatremia? What causes it? What is the treatment?
Na+ > 145 excess water loss due to lack of fluid intake, vomiting, or diarrhea.
Treatment for hypernatremia includes decreasing sodium intake, increasing oral water intake, and rehydrating with a hypotonic IV solution.
What is the normal urine specific gravity?
1.001 to 1.029
if less than 1.001 overhydrated more water in urine
If greater than 1.029 dehydrated or more concentrated
What are ways the body can take fluids in?
oral, enterally, IV
How does the body lose fluid?
Urine, feces, insensible water loss (lungs & skin)
If you are overhydrated your Hgb and Hct will be?
Low
What is the treatment for hyponatremia?
depends on the cause and often consists of limiting water intake or discontinuing administration of hypotonic IV fluids.
What happens to the BP in a person that is dehydrated or has fluid volume deficient?
Bp is low
HR increases to try to raise BP
What are nursing interventions for Fluid volume excess?
Auscultate lungs, I & O, daily weights, check for edema, monitor breathing for dyspenea,, BP (will be elevated)
What is the minimum amount of urine a person should urinate/hour?
<30 mls/hr
If you have dehydrated or are fluid deficient you Hgb and Hct will be?
Elevated
How can you tell is your client is no longer dehydrated?
Urine color lighter, not as concentrated, urine output >30 ml/hr. Mucus membranes moist, no skin tenting. BP WNL.
What happens to your blood pressure when you have fluid volume overload?
BP is elevated. Pumping more fluids are the body.