Found in the skeleton and intracellular fluid, 2nd most abundant cation, normal serum levels are 1.5-2.5 mEq/L, necessary for protein DNA synthesis, found in grains, nuts, dried fruits, legumes and green leafy vegetables
What is Magnesium?
100
pH > 7.45 AND PaCO2 < 35
What is Abnormal labs related to Respiratory Alkalosis?
100
The two kinds of extracellular fluid.
What is interstitial and plasma/intravascular.
100
Name the four types of shock states.
What are hypovolemic, distributive, obstructive, and cardiogenic?
100
More severe cases of this might need an IV bicarbonate infusion or dialysis.
What is hyperkalemia?
200
Total serum calcium of over 10.5mg/dL, may be due to prolonged immobilization, s/s of lethargy, weakness, n/v, constipation, depressed tendon reflexes, polyuria
What is hypercalcemia?
200
A person with COPD will most likely have this acid/base imbalance.
What is respiratory acidosis?
200
Body retains both water and sodium; edema may be present; weight gain; fluid intake greater than output
What is hypervolemia or fluid volume excess?
200
This type of shock has four classes and is seen most frequently by the Emergency nurse.
What is hypovolemic shock?
200
COPD, Cushing syndrome, Conn syndrome, metabolic alkalosis, and lung diseases can cause what?
What is CO2 retention or a high bicarbonate level?
300
Most abundant cation in the extracellular fluid, it is found in most body secretions, usually accompanies any water imbalances
What is sodium (Na+)?
300
A person who presents with DKA is usually in this acid/base balance.
What is metabolic acidosis or ketoacidosis?
300
This type of fluid holds the water in the plasma and when necessary pulls water from the interstitial space into the vascular compartment; helps maintain vascular volume
What are colloids?
300
This type of shock is a circulatory failure that can be caused by cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax, pulmonary embolism, or aortic dissection
What is obstructive shock?
300
This can occur in a person who takes metformin (Glucophage) to control diabetes because of uncontrolled nausea and vomiting.
What is lactic acidosis?
400
Major cation in intracellular fluid, vital electrolyte for skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle activity, involved in maintaining acid/base balance, normal levels are 3.5-5mEq/L
What is potassium?
400
pH <7.35; CO2 >45; HCO3 normal or slightly elevated
What is respiratory acidosis?
400
This type of fluid solution is used to treat patients with conditions causing intracellular dehydration, such as DKA or HHNK, when fluid needs to be shifted into the cell.
What is a hypotonic solution?
400
This is an example of a common distributive shock that begins as an insult to the skin.
What is septic shock?
400
You would administer these medications to correct a patient who exhibits a positive Chvostek's and Trousseau's sign?
What is IV Calcium chloride or gluconate, normal saline, and magnesium if deficit?
500
This imbalance causes these EKG changes: peaked T wave, depressed ST segments, prolonged PR intervals
What is hyperkalemia?
500
This can occur due to Hydrogen ion loss via the kidneys or GI tract
What is metabolic alkalosis?
500
3% NaCl is an example of this type of fluid. When would it be used and why?
What is a hypertonic solution. Used in critical care situation to treat hyponatremia.
500
This type of shock occurs due to loss of sympathetic vasomotor tone
What is neurogenic shock?
500
Why do you correct hypermagnesaemia with IV calcium?
What is because it is an antagonist to the effects of the high magnesium on neuromuscular and cardiac function (weakness, confusion, decreased resp. rate; prolonged AV function to 3rd degree heart block to cardiac arrest