Density
What is density?
The relationship between mass and volume
What are the three states of matter?
Solid, liquid and gas
Can fluid spills on land end up in bodies of water (rivers, lakes etc.)?
Yes, through run-offs
What is the difference between hydraulic and pneumatic systems?
hydraulics = liquids
pneumatics = gases
Define fluid
Any substance that flows, including liquids and gases
What must happen for an object to sink?
Which state of matter has the most spaces between particles? The least?
a) gases
b) solids
What is the most common pollutant of water?
Oil
Explain how a pump can be used as a hydraulic or pneumatic device.
hydraulic - uses water or another liquid
Pneumatic - uses air
What principle/law/theory states that "when a force is applied to an enclosed fluid, the increased pressure is transmitted equally to all parts of the fluid".
Pascal's Law
When an object is in a liquid, the gravitational force acts downwards on it, and the _________ force acts upwards on the object.
Buoyant
heat = move faster
cold = move slower
Are fluid spills more dangerous on land or water? Why?
Water because they cannot be as easily contained and cleaned up.
Give an example of a hydraulic and pneumatic device.
pump, hoist, air compressor, nail gun
You can measure an object's _____________ by measuring the amount of water displaced by it.
volume
What happens when an object's density is more than the density of the liquid it's in?
It sinks
According to the Particle Theory of Matter, all matter is made is made up of tiny ___________.
Particles
Why are oil spills dangerous/bad? Provide a reason and example.
Environmental consequences - toxic for animals and soils
Economic - costs A LOT of money to clean up oil spills, especially on water.
What are two benefits of using hydraulic devices instead of pneumatic devices?
You can multiply the force by using a larger output piston.
Since it uses a liquid, the pressure will be uniform/equal throughout the whole system
What is Archimede's Principle?
Why is it important to understand density? Give an example of something that uses the concept of density.
To know when things will sink, we need to know this in order to build boats, canoes, etc.
Order the states of matter from the most compressible to incompressible.
Gas, liquid, solid
Name and describe two cleaning methods of fluid spills on water.
Broom: Barriers to contain the spill
Skimmers: Machines (like a vacuum cleaner) that pulls and sucks up the oil from water
Sorbents: Large, sponge like materials that absorbs oil
Dispersants: Chemicals that break the layer of oil into smaller pieces
Burning: Can remove 90% of the spill
Bioremediation: Uses bacteria and fungi to break down oil
Explain how a hoist works and how it can multiply the force.
It uses a small piston to compress and create pressure in a liquid that travels through the liquid to the output piston lifting it up.
By using a larger output piston than input piston.
____________ refers to the thickness of a liquid and how fast/slow it flows.
Viscosity