Fluids
What is a fluid?
A fluid is a substance that does not have a fixed shape and is free to flow.
What is mass and what are some units of mass?
Mass is the measure of the amount of matter in an object. Units of mass include milligrams, grams, kilograms
What is density?
Density is the amount of matter in a given volume of a substance
What is flow rate?
Flow rate measures the volume of fluid moving past a certain point in a given amount of time
What is viscosity?
Viscosity refers to a fluid's thickness or resistance to flow
Which two states of matter do fluids exist in?
Liquids and Gasses
How do you measure the mass of a liquid?
First, measure the mass of the container before adding the liquid. Next, place the liquid inside of the container. Next, measure the mass of the container with the liquid inside of it. Finally, subtract the mass of the container from the mass of the container with the liquid.
What is the formula for density?
Density = mass/volume
What are the four factors that affect the flow rate of a fluid?
The type of fluid that is flowing
The force pushing on the fluid
The size of the pipe or opening the fluid is flowing through
The type of surface over which the fluid is flowing
Order the following fluids from least to greatest viscosity: vegetable oil, honey, water
water, vegetable oil, honey
Give 3 examples of human uses of fluids.
1. Water for drinking
2. Blood to transport and take materials from cells
3. Saliva to lubricate food for swallowing and to initiate digestion
The mass of a container is 55 g. When liquid is poured into the container, its new mass measures 140 g. What is the mass of the liquid?
Mass of the liquid = Mass of the container w/ liquid - mass of the container
= 140 g - 55 g
= 85 g
Order the states of matter from least to most dense.
Gasses, liquids, solids
Which has a faster flow rate, a thin liquid or a thick liquid?
A thin liquid
What are the two properties that affect viscosity?
Cohesion and adhesion
What are the 5 postulates of particle theory?
All matter is made up of tiny particles
Particles have empty spaces between them
Particles are moving randomly all the time
Particles move faster and spread farther apart when they are heated
Particles attract each other
What is volume?
Volume is the amount of space occupied by an object
The mass of a container is 50 g. When 75 mL of water is added to the container, its new mass is 120 g. Find the density of the water inside of the container.
Density = mass / volume
The mass of the water = 120 - 50
= 70 g
Density = 70 g / 75 mL
= 0.9 g/mL
Which would result in a slower flow rate, a smooth surface or a rough surface?
A rough surface
What is cohesion?
Cohesion is the force of attraction between the particles of a substance
Why is a solid not considered to be a fluid?
The particles in a solid do not have space to move about, and solids do not flow.
What is the difference between the volume of liquids and the volume of gasses?
The volume of liquids is definite while the volume of gasses is not.
The mass of a container is 60 g. When 50 mL of orange juice is added to the container, its new mass is 100 g. Find the density of the orange juice inside of the container.
Density = mass / volume
The mass of the orange juice = 100 - 60
= 40 g
Density = 40 g / 50 mL
= 0.8 g/mL
Which would result in a greater flow rate, turning the tap part way or turning the tap fully?
Turning the tap fully
What is adhesion?
Adhesion is the force of attraction between the particles of a fluid and the particles of other substances (like containers)