Density
density = mass (g) / volume (mL)
What is Pascal's Law?
That a force applied to a fluid is distributed equally through all parts of the fluid
What is a fluid?
a substance that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure
What is more viscous, water or maple syrup?
Maple syrup
What type of fluid is more easily compressible?
Gas
Find the mass of the liquid. The bottle and the liquid have a mass of 458g. The bottle alone has a mass of 148g.
458g - 148g = 310g
When a gas is under pressure, what happens to its' volume?
The volume decreases greatly.
What are the states of matter of a fluid?
Liquid and gas
What is viscosity?
Viscosity refers to a fluid's thickness or its resistance to flow
What is compressibility?
The ability to put external force on a substance, leading it to decrease in size.
Calculate the density if...
mass of the juice = 243g
volume of the juice = 0.58L
The density of the juice is 0.41 g/mL
What happens to a fluid's volume when its' temperature is increased?
The volume of the fluid will expand.
What is the flow rate of a fluid?
measures the volume of fluid moving past a certain point in a given amount of time
Is there a relationship between viscosity and density?
No.
What is a pneumatic system?
A pneumatic system uses pressurized air or other gases to do work.
Calculate the density...
mass of bottle = 632g
mass of bottle + liquid = 345g
volume of liquid = 760mL
The density of the liquid is 0.38g/mL
What is atmospheric pressure and how does it change?
Atmospheric pressure is the force exerted by the atmosphere on a unit of surface area
Atmospheric pressure decreases the higher we move up because there is less air above us that is pressing down.
How is flow rate affected?
1. Type of fluid
2. Force pushing the fluid
3. Size of the opening
4. Type of surface the fluid is flowing over
How does the viscosity of a fluid affect it's flow rate?
If a fluid has a higher viscosity, it will flow slower than if the fluid was less viscous.
Describe why liquids are harder to compress than gases.
Liquid particles are closer together than that of a gas. Therefore, the particles have more room to move closer together in a gas than a liquid.
The density of chocolate syrup is 1.86 g/mL and the density of milk is 1.03 g/mL. If the syrup is placed into the milk, will it sink or float? Why?
The chocolate syrup will sink because it is heavier than the milk.
Why would heating an aerosol can be dangerous? Use the relationship between pressure, temperature and volume to explain your answer?
Heating aerosol containers is dangerous because as the temperature inside the pressurized can increases, so does the speed of the particles. As the particles move faster, they hit the inside walls of the can with increased force, which causes the pressure to increase. If the pressure became too great, the can could explode.
What is the difference between cohesion and adhesion?
Cohesion is the force of attention between the particles of a substance. Whereas, adhesion is the force of attraction between particles of a fluid and particles of other substances
How is cohesion related to viscosity?
Viscous fluids' particles are closer together and have more cohesion than that of less viscous fluids.
What is a perceived problem with the use of hydraulic systems?
The liquid under pressure used for the system can evaporate or freeze.