States of Change
Which state of matter has particles that are tightly packed and vibrate in place?
What is a solid?
According to the particle theory, all matter is made up of these.
Particles
Viscosity increases when the _______ between particles increases.
Friction
Why are gases less dense than solids?
Gas particles are widely spaced, leaving more empty space.
This is the upward force that acts against gravity when an object is placed in a fluid.
Buoyant Force
This state of matter takes the shape of its container but has a definite volume.
What is a liquid?
The particle theory states that particles in a substance move faster when this increases
Temperature
When the temperature of molasses decreases, its viscosity __________
Increases
In a density tower, if a marble sinks to the bottom but a plastic bead floats in the middle, what does this tell you about their densities?
The marble is denser than all the liquids, while the plastic bead has a density between the liquids it floats in.
According to Archimedes' Principle, the buoyant force acting on a submerged object is equal to this.
The weight of the fluid displaced
The reason a gas expands to fill its container, but a liquid does not.
Because gas particles move quickly and are far apart
This explains why gases can be compressed but solids cannot.
Gas particles have more space between them
As the temperature of a liquid increases, its viscosity___________
Decreases
Two cubes are the same size, but one weighs more. What does this tell you about the denser cube?
It has more mass packed into the same volume
Why does a car sink in water, while a steel boat floats?
The boat is hollow, making it less dense, while the car’s density is greater than water
Compared to a liquid, why can gas particles move faster and spread out more easily
Gas particles have more energy and less attraction between them
According to particle theory, this happens to the speed andspaces between particles when a substance is heated.
They move farther apart and the spaces between them increase
This term describes how quickly a fluid moves from one point to another, measured in cm/s.
Flow Rate
If the mass of an object increases while the volume stays the same, its density
Increases
If a boat displaces 500 kg of water but weighs 600 kg, what will happen to the boat?
The boat will sink because the buoyant force is less than the boat’s weight.
Which state of matter has a fixed volume and fills the shape of its container
Liquids
The reason particles in a solid only vibrate while particles in a liquid move past each other.
Solids have stronger forces of attraction between particles.
Why does honey flow more slowly than water, even though both are liquids? (2 Answers)
Honey has stronger intermolecular forces and greater friction between particles
When a metal is heated, its volume increases but its mass stays the same. How does this affect its density?
The density decreases because the same mass is spread over a larger volume.
Why does a boat with a larger surface area float better and hold more weight than a boat with a smaller surface area?
Because a larger surface area displaces more water, creating a greater buoyant force