Fluvial Geomorphologists
Rivers as systems
Runoff
Flow and boundaries
Misc
100

Who classifies streams based on two levels; geomorphic characteristics based on basin relief and bed material and slope

Rosgen 

100

What is stream order? 

Classification based on distribution of stream in a channel network 

100

What is the difference between infiltration and percolation 

infiltration: Water flowing into soil 

percolation: Water moving through soil 

100

What are the two numbers calculated to determine flow characteristics? 

Reynolds and Froude 

100

What is the difference between ephemeral, intermittent, and perennial streams 

flows in response to storms, flows some of the year, flows year round 


200

Who were the two early geomorphologists that had differing views on how landscapes formed?  

Davis and Gilbert (and what were their views?) 

200

What maintains equilibrium? 

Negative feedback 

200

What factors (4) control what fraction of precipitation becomes runoff? 

geology, topography, vegetation, and climate 

200

What is the difference between Steady and Unsteady 

Steady: depth and velocity don't change with time 

Unsteady: they do 

200

What are flow regimes 

Show seasonal variation in stream discharge that is averaged over a long period of time

300

What did Schumm use to classify alluvial rivers and streams? 

based on sediment load, channel stability, and channel pattern

300

How are rivers systems? 

They have inputs and outputs, changes in one aspect of the system produces multiple side effects, and they have feedback that affect system (examples?) 

300

What are the different flows of interest that are typically studied and why? 

Low flow: Used for water quality, water supply, and NPDES 

Bankflow discharge: breakpoint between channel and floodplain formation, used to estimate channel forming discharge 

high flow: move sediment, shape channel, causes flooding

300
What are the two main components for boundary resistance? 

Grain roughness (due to roughness of sediment) and Form roughness (caused by obstruction)  

300

What are the 5 mechanisms of landscape change 

uplift, subsidence, erosion, deposition, and volcanism 

400

Who classified channels based on channel patter, frequency of islands, and bar type? 

Kellerhal 

400

What are internal and external variables of a fluvial system (4 examples each?) 

Internal influenced by both internal and external variables: Topography, geology, soil, and vegetation 

External originate from outside the system, independent: Climate, Tectonics, base level, and human activity 

400

Describe the three main ideas about runoff productions 

Hortonian: rainfall occurs as the thin sheet over entire area and rainfall rated are higher that infiltration rates 

Overland flow: precip. infiltrated in areas of high infiltration and the rest is runoff

Subsurface flow: runoff infiltrate's and flows subsurface as throughflow to stream

400

What are the three different boundary layers 

Viscous, Buffer and logarithmic (explain?) 

400

Where does the maximum boundary shear stress occur?

where the water is the depth is greatest

500

Gilbert believed there was what type of relationship between landscaped and erosion 

Dynamic Equilibrium 

500

What areas have a high and low drainage density? 

high: semi-arid climates 

low: arid and humid areas 

500
What are the three data series used in hydraulic frequency analysis 

Extreme Value series, Partial Duration series, and Complete series 

500

What is the difference between uniform, gradually varied, and rapidly varied flow

Uniform: v and d don't change over distance and energy line, water surface, and channel bottom are parallel 

Gradual: V+D slightly changes over distance, most situations are assumed gradual flow

Varied: large and abrupt changed in depth and velocity 

500

What is the difference between compactness coefficient and circularity ratio

CC: the ratio of the perimeter of watershed to the circumference to the circle with the same area

CR: Ratio of watershed area to area of a circle with the same circumference