Safety Fundamentals
Force presevation does not have a single solution. This process is one in a range of tools to be used by personnel at all levels for minimizing risk.
What is Risk Managment.
Formation of the U.S Marine Corps
November 10th, 1775; Second Continental Congress meeting in Philly passed a resolution stating that "two battalions of marines be raised"; First amphibious raid into the Bahamas in March 1776 under Captain Samuel Nicholas; 1st Marines Commandant.
Chosin Reservior
During November of 1950 and pushing far into North Korea, Marines were cut off after the Chinese Communist Forces entered the war. The major significance of this retrograde movement was that Marines were able to bring out all operable equipment, properly evacuated their wounded and dead and maintained tactical integrity. 100,000 Chinese troops had infiltrated into North Korea.
Brigadier General Archibald Henderson
Colonel (Brevet Brigadier General); 5th Commandant of the Marine Corps; Appointed Major, by Brevet, in 1814. On October 17th, 1820; (age 37/ LtCol) was appointed as the Commandant of the MC. Served over 38 years; longest of any officer to hold the position.
Private Opha Mae Johnson
Worked at HQ Marine Corps on 13 August 1918 and holds the honor of being America's first woman Marine. PVT Johnson was assigned as clerk in the Quartermaster General, BG McCawley; was senior enlisted women with the rank of sergeant by the end of the war.
Four Principles of Risk Management
Accept Risk When Benefits Outweigh the Cost.
Accept No Unnecessary Risk
Anticipate and Manage Risk by Planning
Make Risk Decisions at the Right Level.
Battle of Nassau
March 3rd, 1776; Five Companies of Marines carry out the Corps first amphibious landing on foreign soil; seizing stockpiles of British gunpowder and munitions.
Battle of Iwo Jima
19 Feb 1945, Marines landed on Iwo Jima in the bloodiest and largest all-Marine battle in MC history. MC suffered over 23,300 casualties. Admiral Chester W. Nimitz said "Among the Americans who served on Iwo Island, uncommon valor was a common virtue."
Sergeant Major John Quick
Major Gregory R. "Pappy" Boyington
Recognized for Marine prowess in aerial dogfights. Commanded VMH-214; "Black Sheep" during WW2. By the end of the war, Maj. was recognized as MC "top flying ace with 28 victories'".
Levels of Risk Management
In-depth level
Deliberate level
Time critical
Battle of Derna
April 27th, 1805; Marines rescue the kidnapped crew of USS Philadelphia on the shores of Tripoli. Received the nickname "Leatherneck" due to the high collar they worse as protection against the sabers of pirates.
Battle of Okinawa
Sergeant Major Dan Daly
Hospital Apprentice First Class Robert E. Bush
Landed with 1stMARDIV during the invasion of Okinawa on April 1st, 1945. On May 2nd, his platoon was pinned down by enemy fire. His LT was wounded, Bush moved into the open, administering life-giving aid to the Marine. Established an IV on his patient then used the Marines rifle to neutralize the threat. His actions earned him the Medal of Honor, the youngest Navy Man to do so in WW2.
5 Step Process of Risk Management
Identify Hazards
Assess Hazards
Make Risk Decisions
Implement Controls
Supervise
Battle of Chapultepec
An assault by American forces on the small contingent of Mexican forces holding the strategically located Chapultepec Castle outside of Mexico City. Battle was fought on 12-13 Sept 1847 during the Mexican American War. Assault on the castle included 40 Marines with over 90% casualties. Mexican forces surrenders at 0900 on 13 September 1847, opening the way into Mexico City.
Amphibious Operations in the Pacific
Between 7 and 9 August 1942, Marines landed on the beaches of Guadalcanal and Tulagi in the Solomon Islands. Makred the 1st Allied land offense in the Pacific and was the first amphibious assaults against the enemy forces by the 1st Marine Divsion. Amphious landing followed on the remaining Solomon Islands including New Georgia, Bougainville and Choiseul.
Women in the Marine Corps
Permanent part of the regular MC on 12 June 1948 when Congress passed the Women's Armed Service Integration Act (Public Law 625). MC Women's Reserve est. in Feb 1943; Before WW2 ended, total of 23,145 officer/enlisted women reservists served in the Corps. By June 1944, women reservists made up 85% and almost 2/3 of the personnel manning in all major posted in the US and Hawaii.
Montford Point Marines
June 1, 1942; MC began to recruit qualified "colored male citizens between the age of 17 and 29". MC est. a separate cantonment at Camp Lejeune for AA recruits called Montford Point Camp. First recruits arrived on August 26, 1942. January 1943, 1,000 AA would enter the MC each month. First AA MC Combat unit was the 51st Defense Battalion activated on 18 August 1942. Total of almost 20K AA served in Montford Point united during WW2. 12,738 were deployed overseas in defense battalions.
Loss of the ability to accomplish the mission
Death/permanent toal disability
Major Facility damage
Unnacceptable collateral damage
What is severity category 1
Battle of Belleu Wood
June 1, 1918; Marine forces launch a last-ditch close combat assault against German soldiers and shred the defensive counterattack. Surviving German soldiers nicked their adversaries "Devil Dogs" due to their relentless fighting spirit.
Pearl Harbor
7 December 1941, massive surprise attack by the Imperial Japanese Navy; "like a thunderclap from the clear sky". Japanese carrier attack planes numbering 353 aircraft from 6 aircraft carriers attacked the US Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor in 2 waves. The enemy sank 5 battleships, damaged 3; sank a gunnery training ship, three destroyers, damaged a heavy cruiser, 3 light cruisers, two destroyers, two seaplane tenders, two repair ships and a destroy tender. 188 Navy, Army and MC planes were destroyed.
Killed/Wounded:
Navy: 2,008/710
MC: 109/69
Army:218/364
LT General Lewis B. "Chesty" Puller
Served in Nicaragua through several periods of political unrest and rebellious activity. Puller and a force of about 32 Marines became famous for their ability to engage rebel groups while scouring the jungles from Nicaragua to the Honduran border. Puller became known as the "Tiger of the Mountains" in 1930; The MC mascot, an English Bulldog is named Chesty, in honor of this Marine.
LT Vincent R. Capodanno
December of 1965, Father Capadanno received his commission as a LT in the Navy Chaps Corps. Assigned to 1stMARDIV in Vietnam in April 1966. On 4 Sept 1967, While assigned to 3/5, during combat with enemy forces in Quang Tin Province; he left the relative safety area of the Company post and ran into open fire, administering last rites to the dying and giving medical aid to the wounded. A mortar round caused multiple injuries on him but he continued to provide encouragement. He lost his life while providing assistance and comfort to Marine causalities. He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor.