Macronutrients
This macronutrient contains 4 kcal/g and includes foods containing sugars, starches, and fibers.
What is a carbohydrate?
This nutrient is found in dairy products and is associated with bone health.
What is calcium (Ca)?
Bonus: What nutrient improves the absorption of Ca?
Mechanical digestion of food begins here.
What is the mouth?
Bonus: Where else can mechanical digestion occur?
During pregnancy, supplementation of this nutrient can prevent neural tube defects.
What is folate?
Bonus: Where is folate found?
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recently switched to using this type of graphic to explain nutrition guidance.
What is an inverted pyramid?
Bonus: What did we use before this?
Fat can be separated into 2 distinct categories. This type of fat is usually associated with increased risk of heart disease.
Saturated Fats
Bonus: What is the RDA for Saturated Fats?
The deficiency of this vitamin is often associated with sores, tooth decay, and was originally seen in sailors.
What is Vitamin C?
Bonus: What is the name of Vitamin C deficiency?
These enzymes are produced in the small intestine and are responsible for the breakdown of disaccharides.
What are lactase (lactose), maltase (maltose), and sucrase (sucrose)?
This nutrient should be eaten prior to exercise to maximize energy.
What are carbohydrates?
Bonus: What types of carbs are best before activity?
This type of diabetes requires the usage of insulin and is considered an autoimmune condition.
What is Type I Diabetes Mellitus?
This molecule is a building block of protein. There are 20 different ones that exist in the human body.
What are Amino Acids?
Bonus: What was the acronym to remember the essential amino acids?
This nutrient is found in the center of hemoglobin molecules and is responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the blood.
What is Iron (Fe)?
Bonus: What are 3 sources of Fe?
This describes the fine muscular movement of food through the esophagus and small intestines.
What is peristalsis?
This condition, often seen in older adults, is characterized by reduced muscle mass and increased fat mass, impacting mobility and function.
What is sarcopenia?
This body type is associated with higher risks of metabolic disease.
What is an apple body type?
Bonus: How do you determine what body type someone has?
When looking at a fat molecule, you can tell it is an unsaturated fat based on the presence of this type of bonds.
What are double bonds?
This vitamin is involved in energy production and is able to be absorbed due to intrinsic factor produced in the stomach. Deficiency is more common in older adults and may cause dementia-like symptoms.
What is vitamin B12?
This accessory organ is responsible for the production of enzymes for digestion and hormones that promote blood sugar control.
What is the pancreas?
Bonus: What are the other accessory organs to digestion?
Athletes are at a higher risk of developing water intoxication due to these behaviors.
What are excessive sweating and increased water intake?
Bonus: What is water intoxication?
A blood pressure reading of 120/80 would fall into this category.
What is an elevated blood pressure?
Bonus: What is the name of high blood pressure?
Although it is not considered one of the "big three" macronutrients, this nutrient will provide 7 kcal/gram.
What is alcohol?
The deficiency of this vitamin can cause pellagra.
What is B3 (niacin)?
Bonus: What are the 4 D's of pellagra?
This lipoprotein is produced in the liver and is associated with decreased risk of heart disease due to its effect on plaque and other fatty deposits in the arteries and veins.
What is HDL cholesterol?
Bonus: What type of cholesterol do HDL and LDL belong to?
Young children, women of menstruating age, vegetarians/vegans, and older adults are at a higher risk to develop a deficiency of this nutrient.
What is Fe?
What is "every three months"?
Bonus: What is HgA1C, what does it tell us, and what are the correct ranges (1 point per correct answer)?