Terminology
Equal loss of both fluid and the electrolytes contained in that fluid.
What is hypovolemia?
Maintain temperature. Transport electrolytes, minerals, vitamins and waste products. Protect brain and spinal cord. Lubricate joints and digestive tract. These are characteristics of ______ in the body.
What is water?
135-145 mEq/L is the normal range for _______.
What is sodium?
8.5-10 mg/dL is the normal range for _______.
What is calcium?
This electrolyte assists in neuromuscular function, dilation of arteries and arterioles, enzyme function, carbohydrate and protein metabolism. The amount in the bloodstream comes from diet and it is a part of your bone structure.
What is magnesium?
Contains amount of solute that produces a concentration of dissolved particles equal to that of intracellular and extracellular body fluids
What is isotonic?
Define: hyponatremia/hypernatremia
What is low sodium, high sodium?
Caused by retention of sodium and water in the ECF (extracellular fluid) spaces.
What is hypervolemia?
A process in which water moves through a semipermeable membrane from the fluid lowest in solute concentration to the point at which the fluid is highest in solute concentration (low to high)
What is osmosis?
95-108 mEq/L is the normal range for ______.
What is chloride?
2.5-4.5 mg/dL is the normal range for _______.
What is phosphorous?
This is the primary buffer for acid-base balance. It is a weak base.
What is bicarbonate?
This solution has a lower osmolarity than body fluids.
What is hypotonic?
Define: hypochloremia/hyperchloremia
What is low chloride, high chloride?
This occurs when fluids are shifted to areas where they no longer maintain fluid and electrolyte balance between ICF and ECF. Results in ascites and edema.
What is third spacing?
A process that occurs when there is a difference in solute concentration on two sides of a semipermeable membrane (high to low)
What is diffusion?
3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L is the normal range for ______.
What is potassium?
This electrolyte controls fluid osmolality and volume of blood, stimulates conduction of electrical impulses along nerves, works with calcium to regulate muscle contraction.
What is sodium?
This strengthens skeletal bones and teeth; stimulates conduction of electrical impulses via nerves; cellular membrane permeability. 99% found in bones and teeth.
What is calcium?
This solution has a higher concentration of particles dissolved in it than body fluids.
What is hypertonic?
Define: hypophosphatemia/hyperphosphatemia
What is low phosphate, high phosphate?
This is the space surrounding and between cells that holds fluid.
What is Interstitial Space?
The passage of fluid through semipermeable membrane to separate large particles.
What is filtration?
1.5-2.5 mEq/L is the normal range for ________.
What is magnesium?
This electrolyte assists sodium in regulating fluid osmolality and volume; important for acid-base balance and production of gastric HCL.
What is chloride?
This is vital for all tissues; muscle and RBC functions; metabolism of fat, protein, carbohydrates; manufacturing ATP energy source. Combines with calcium in the bones and teeth.
What is phosphorus?
A patient with low calcium level may also be deficient in _______.
What is Vitamin D?
This is excreted by posterior pituitary to stimulate the kidneys to reabsorb water.
What is antidiuretic hormone?
This space includes the blood vessels and the heart and holds the plasma.
What is intravascular space?
These help to transmit electrical impulses through nerve and muscle fibers and assist to maintain balance between ICF and ECF compartments.
What are electrolytes?
22-26 mEq/L is the normal range for ______.
What is bicarbonate?
This electrolyte helps regulate fluid balance; important for neuromuscular functions. Pts who are on diuretics should be monitored for a decrease in this electrolyte.
What is potassium?
Normal ABG readings:
pH: ______
PaCO2: _____
HCO3: _____
PaO2: _____
pH: 7.35-7.45
PaCO2: 35-45
HCO3: 22-26
PaO2: 80-100
A patient with hypophosphatemia (low phosphorus) is also at risk for ________.
A. Hypermagnesemia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hyponatremia
pH stands for ________.
What is parts of hydrogen?