First Nations
List 3 of the 7 teachings
Love, Humility, Courage, Truth, Honesty, Respect, and Wisdom
What does 'métis' mean?
Mixed
What territories in Canada would you find Inuit peoples?
Nunavut & Northwest Territories (also Quebec, Labrador, and parts of Siberia, Alaska, and Scandinavia)
What were the 2 main fur trading companies in Canada?
Hudson Bay Company & the Northwest Company
What was the first European group to come to North America?
The Vikings
What is the medicine wheel used for?
The importance of appreciating and respecting the ongoing interconnectedness and interrelatedness of all things - to show off the balance and harmony of all things.
This Métis man is known as the 'Father of Manitoba'.
Louis Riel
What was the system that saw Inuit people carry a small leather disc with a number on it for identification?
E(skimo)-Tag system
How many Numbered Treaties were signed between the Canadian government and the First Nations peoples across the prairies?
11
What is enfranchisement?
A historical legal process in Canada that stripped individuals of their "Indian" status and associated rights to gain full Canadian citizenship.
What ceremony was banned in 1884 and why?
The Potlatch - it was banned because it was seen as a barrier to assimilation.
What province(s) are part of the Métis homeland?
Manitoba, Saskatchewan & Alberta
List 2 forms of housing for the Inuit people and explain why the houses were made this way
Skin tent (tipi style) and igloo. They were quick and easy to build, which was good, as Inuit people were nomadic.
What document was created in 1876 that governed Indigenous peoples in Canada?
The Indian Act
What were the three phases of relations?
Fur trade, missionaries, government
How did the Royal Proclamation in 1763 impact the Indigenous people in North America?
It made all land west of the Proclamation Line 'Indian Territory' and is nicknamed the 'Indian Bill of Rights' since it was the first document to record that the Indigenous people had ownership of the land.
What were the names of the 2 Métis resistances in Canada in the 1800s?
The Red River Resistance and the Northwest Resistance.
What is an Inuit tradition that is performed by 2 women, kind of like a duet?
Throat singing
What was the 60s Scoop?
A period of time from the 1960s-1980s where middle-class Euro-Canadian social workers took Indigenous kids away from their families and communities. These children were often adopted into white families and often had their culture and heritage kept from them.
What are the 4 labels that non-Indigenous people put onto Indigenous people over time?
Noble savage, Blood-thirsty savage, Vanishing Indian, and Naive Child
How did 'Terra Nullius' impact the Indigenous peoples?
Terra Nullius means 'land belonging to no one'. This was an idea that the Europeans brought over - land ownership could only happen for Christians and came with paperwork and deeds and since the Indigenous people didn't know God and had no paperwork to support their ownership, they couldn't own the land... so the Europeans took it.
What are 4 symbols of Métis culture?
Métis sash, infinity flag, pemmican, Michif language, jigging (dancing), Red River cart
What are three ways that the Canadian government negatively impacted the Inuit peoples?
Renaming Inuit people using Christian names, imposing identification discs, 'Project Surname', forced relocations (further north), mandatory attendance at residential schools.
What were 2 causes (reasons) and 3 consequences of Residential Schools?
Causes - assimilation, treaty promises, government control, racism, economic benefits
Consequences - loss of language and culture, family separation, abuse and trauma, intergenerational trauma, loss of identity & belonging, community and social problems (abuse, poverty, addictions, etc.), truth & reconciliation efforts
What are three reasons for exploration and colonization?
The Northwest Passage, Henry Hudson's voyage, abundant natural resources, mercantilism, competition between countries, and the religious impulse to colonize