Break a Leg!
What is osteocalcin?
Vitamin E protects cell membrane lipids from being oxidized. This is known as a _____ ___________ antioxidant
what is chain breaking?
This part of the brain processes sensory information that may be deemed as a threat, initiating signals for the acute stress response
What is the Amygdala?
Older people are likely to have _______ deficiency due to a loss of its precursor _________, found in the skin
What is Vitamin D, 7-Dehydrocholesterol?
When consume in high amounts, this anti-nutrient is absorbed and contributes to kidneys stones alongside calcium
What are oxalates?
This treatment for osteoporosis may be given to women in their 50s to combat bone loss
What is Hormone Replacement Therapy/Estrogen?
This trace mineral deficiency would cause an accumulation of H2O2 within a cell
What is Selenium?
This hormone released by __________ causes a brief decrease in appetite during the resistance phase
What is hypothalamus?
What is Corticotropin Releasing Hormone?
This form of vitamin A is commonly found in animal foods, while this form of vitamin A is found in plants
What is retinol/retinal/retinyl esters?
What is carotenoids?
Calcium transiently decreases iron absorption due to its ability to inactivate this protein needed to get iron into the blood
what is ferroportin?
High levels of calcitriol in the blood cause activation of this kidney enzyme, converting calcitriol to its inactive form ______
What is 24-hydroxylase, 24,25-OH D3?
A deficiency in this water-soluble vitamin would lead to oxidative stress, as its metabolic form is required to regenerate GSH
What is niacin?
Allostatic load increases when this system is unable to initiate adequate recovery
What is the parasympathetic nervous system?
After entering a pigment epithelial cell, retinol is converted to retinal. When light hits the eye, retinal is converted from ______ to ______
What is cis to trans?
Too much of this anti-nutrient can lead to a condition known as "leaky gut"
what are lectins?
Glycine, proline, and lysine are the main components of collagen. To form collagen, these 4 compounds work with each other to convert proline and lysine into their __________ forms
Ferrous iron, Vitamin C, Glutathione, NADPH
Hydroxylated
The process in which reactive species react with cell components forming new reactive species
What is Propagation?
Chronic stress leads to chronically increased ______, decreased sensitivity to ________, and appetite changes related to high ______ and low _______
What is cortisol, insulin, ghrelin, and leptin?
These vitamins oppose each other in function, _____ promotes clotting and ______ promotes bleeding
What is Vitamin K and Vitamin E?
Iron can build up in the liver and spleen resulting in microcytic anemia. This is caused by a lack of ______, essential in the process of erythropoesis
What is Vitamin A?
At the cellular level, bone remodelling is mediated through ________, which contain ____________ that monitor the load on bone
Osteocytes, Mechanosensors
The enzyme _____ forms H2O2 from oxygen radicals, H2O2 must then be inactivated by either ________, _______________, or ____________
What is SOD, Catalase, GPx-Se, or VitC?
Exercise has been seen to help with stress intensity by ______________, a positive outcome for healthy people but detrimental to those with chronic stress
What is Blunting cortisol spikes?
This molecule can bind to both Vitamin D and Vitamin A, and causes and increase or decrease in production of certain proteins
What is retinoid X receptor (RXR)?
Consuming a glass of milk alongside a bowl of whole grain oatmeal would not be optimal for calcium absorption because it contains ______, _______, and _______
What is fibre, lectins, and phytates?