Ch 5
What are the requirements to produce X-rays?
What is a source of electrons, a target, a high voltage, and a vacuum?
What are the diagnostic ranges for majority of tubes?
What is 10-1200 mA, 0.001-10 s, 25-150 kVp?
What are the 3 principal factors that affect X-ray emission that are called the prime factors?
What is mAs, kVp, and distance?
What are the 3 processes that X-rays can undergo?
What is transmission w/out any interaction, total absorption, and penetration w/ loss of energy?
What are the 3 purposes for compression bands?
What is to compress abdominal tissue, compress renal ureters, and restrain patients unable to cooperate?
What are the two types of anode?
What components of the X-ray tube use AC and what components use DC?
What is everything but the X-ray tube itself uses AC?
What is the difference between X-ray quantity and X-ray quality?
What is a measure of the number of X-ray photons in the useful beam versus the measurement of the penetrating ability of the X-ray beam?
What are the 5 basic interactions b/w X-rays and matter?
Photoelectric absorption, coherent scattering, compton scattering, pair production, and photodisintegration?
What is X-ray quantity also called?
What is X-ray output, intensity, or exposure?
What are other names that the target area is referred to as?
What is the focal point, focal spot, and focal track?
What are the requirements for X-ray tables?
What is radiolucent, uniform flat surface, easy to clean, difficult to scratch, and without crevices where radiographic contract media can accumulate, and needs a bucky tray?
What is the 15% rule?
What is increasing kVp by 15% will double IR exposure? If you increase kVp, decrease mAs by 50%.
In diagnostic radiology, radiographic image contrast is principally due to the predominance of?
What is photoelectric interactions?
What is leakage radiation and what must it not exceed?
What is any photons that escape from the envelope window that must not exceed 100 mR/hr at 1 meter?
What are the two functions of the envelope?
What is providing a vacuum environment and protection for cathode and anode assemblies, excluding the stator, w/in the envelope.
What is the rectification, the diodes, pulses per hZ, pulses per second, and voltage ripple for a 3 wave/12 pulse generator?
What is full-wave rectified with 12 diodes, 12 pulses per Hz, 720 pulses per second, and a voltage ripple 4-10%?
What is the half-value layer?
What is the thickness of absorbing material needed to reduce the X-ray intensity (quality) to half its original value?
What is the the range for photoelectric effect to occur?
What is 25-45 KeV?
What is pair production?
Pair production is when the energy of the X-ray photon is converted to matter in the form of 2 electrons, a positron and a negatron
What is the anode heel effect?
What is the anode heel absorbs more photons due to the geometry of the angled anode target, causing less intensity on the anode side and greater intensity on the cathode side.
What does the main circuit supply and what is its purpose? What does the filament circuit supply and what is its purpose?
What is the inverse square law?
What is the intensity of radiation at a given distance from the point source that is inverely related to the square of distance b/w an object and source.
I1/I2=D2squared/D1squared
What is compton produces less contrast, photolectric interactions produce more contrast.
What are the components of the X-ray circuit?
What is