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Metabolism
Weight & Energy
Vitamins Minerals
Pregnancy
Infancy to Adults
100
What is the difference between Anabolic and Catabolic reactions
Anabolic are involved in building compounds and need energy for this Catabolic reactions involve breaking down molecules and they release energy
100
What is the difference between Appetite and Hunger
Appetite is a psychological desire to eat specific food. Hunger is a physiological sensation that prompts us to eat.
100
What is a major role of Vit D, and what are 2 good food sources? What would be a deficiency issue?
Vit D - Regulate Blood calcium levels, calcification of the bones, cell differentiation, Sources, Milk, fatty fish
100
What is the recommended weight gain for someone with a normal weight prior to pregnancy
What is 25-35 pounds
100
What is the recommended age to begin solid foods? What is best food to start with?
What is 4-6 months. Rice cereal- iron fortified
200
What part of fat can not be converted to Glucose?
What are fatty acids?
200
What is one thing that will increase our BMR and one thing that will decrease it.
Increase - Lean body mass, younger age, Males, Pregnancy, caffeine, high thyroid levels, stress - illness Decrease- Loss of lean body mass, aging, starvation, female gender, low thyroid hormone.
200
Folate is needed to prevent what birth defect? What are good sources of folate in our diet?
What is Neural Tube Defects Good sources - Green Leafy Vegetables, Fortified grains
200
Pregnancy is divided into three sections - called _____
What is a trimester
200
How are breast milk and formula similar and how are they different?
Similar nutrient composition - Protein, carb, fat, min, vits Differ in immune enhancing compounds. Formula also costly - not as convenient.
300
Many B vitamins act as Coenzymes. What is a coenzyme?
A coenzyme is a molecule that helps facilitate a chemical reaction.
300
When do fat cells increase in number? When do they increase in size?
Fat cells increase in number as we grow. When we eat more than we need, fat cells increase in size. If fat cells size is exceeded, then you may have another increase in number.
300
Iron levels presents in stages. In the first stage, what are the symptoms? If it progresses to Iron Deficiency Anemia, what would be the symptoms?
What is no significant symptoms. Ferritin levels might be decreased in blood Anemia - Pale skin, fatigue, reduced work performance, impaired cognitive function
300
What are three nutrients that have increased requirements during pregnancy?
What is Folate, Vit C, Vitamin B12, Iron , Zinc, Calories, Vit A
300
What are some ways to approach a child's reluctance to new foods
Keep introducing new food. No force. Make meals fun. Have child help prepare food
400
What important compound is produced from energy metabolism or the complete oxidation of Glucose?
What is ATP?
400
What does the hormone Leptin do to your appetite? When does it increase in the body?
Leptin levels can increase with an increase in body fat. These levels should suppress appetite.
400
What is a free radical? What two vitamins or minerals that act as antioxidants?
A highly unstable atom with an unpaired electron in the outer shell. Vit C, Vit E, Vitamin A, Beta Carotene, Selenium
400
If a mother is drinking during pregnancy, in what phase or trimester can damage be done. What are risks to the fetus?
Often damage is in the first trimester. Significant alcohol during pregnancy increases risk of Fetal Alcohol syndrome, miscarriage, low birth weight,
400
Which foods are most likely to be risky for allergy issues? When is it safe to start Cow's Milk?
Allergies to monitor for - milk, peanuts, shellfish, eggs Cow's milk at 1 year. Start slow
500
If someone is exercising and depletes glycogen stores in their muscles, what will be produced?
What is lactic acid?
500
What energy yielding nutrients can be stored as fat?
All of them
500
What is a primary role of B vitamins in our body? Name three.
They are involved as coenzymes in many energy reactions. Amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, immune function, Heme synthesis
500
What are the caffeine limit recommendations for pregnancy?
200-300 mg per day is recommended as the max intake.
500
What are two issues of aging that can impact nutrition? What is sarcopenia?
Decreased function, being alone, disease state, medications Sarcopenia is the loss of lean body mass with aging. Impacts strength and function.