Hormones and Chemicals
Consumption of too much ______ can result in insomnia, dehydration, irritability, restlessness, fast heart rate, and stomach upset.
Caffeine
Deficiency of what vitamin is known to increase risk of depression and is related to seasonal affective disorder?
Vitamin D
Name the 3 macronutrients that provide energy.
Carb, protein, fat
The ongoing chemical and physical processes that occur in the body to obtain and spend the energy from food to sustain life
Metabolism
Name the most commonly consumed vegetables in the U.S.?
Potatoes
Consuming carbohydrates can increase the release of this feel-good neurotransmitter.
Serotonin
What group of vitamins helps boost mood by acting as co-enzymes in breaking down carbohydrates and releasing serotonin into the body?
B vitamins
What macronutrient is the body’s main and preferred source of fuel/energy?
Carbohydrates
Protein is digested and broken down into what?
Amino Acids
British sailors were called “limeys” as they used to eat limes to prevent what disease?
Scurvy
Scurvy is the result of a deficiency in (Vitamin C)
This hormone helps regulate circadian rhythm (your sleep/week cycle)
Melatonin
What vitamin protects neurotransmitters from damage from free radicals?
Vitamin E
What percentage of an individual’s intake should come from carbohydrates?
55-65%
Name 2 consequences of under-feeding the body?
Decreased metabolism, nutrient deficiency, decrease in lean body mass, reduced cognitive
Your GI tract, if unfolded, would be the length of what sporting court/arena/field?
Tennis Court
Name the two hormones responsible for regulating hunger and fullness signals.
Leptin and Ghrelin
Bonus (100): Which hormone is responsible for hunger cues and which promotes fullness cues?
What mineral aids in the synthesis of dopamine and serotonin, as well as aids in preventing fatigue via oxygenating the body?
Iron
Name 2 functions of protein
Repairing muscles/tissues, maintaining muscles/tissues, building new muscles/tissues, protecting immune function (creation of antibodies), blood clotting, hormone and enzyme production, fluid balance, vision/eye function
Name 3 factors that can influence an individual’s energy/nutritional needs?
Height, weight, gender, age, activity, illness, pregnancy, medication
What ingredient in stomach juice is also found in common rust removers?
Hydrochloric Acid
Salty foods promote the release of this hormone, also known as the “cuddle chemical,” a hormone that is also spiked by physical affection.
Oxytocin - so foods like chips and pretzels can give us a similar warm and cozy feeling
What nutrient is essential (our body cannot produce it), is needed for adequate brain health, and is found in salmon, herring, flax seeds, and walnuts?
Omega 3 fatty acid
List 3 functions of dietary fat
Absorption of fat soluble vitamins, hormone production, satiety, satisfaction, gut motility, organ protection, energy, maintaining healthy skin/nails/hair
These substances are produced by the body; they act as catalysts to bring about specific biochemical reactions. We need them to break down and use carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
Enzymes
What country produces the largest number of bananas?
India