how did
what characteristics might indicate that jugular pulse is distended
extension more than half way up the neck with normal head position or distension for longer than a couple of seconds after being held off
which side of heart failure is endocarditis frequently associated with
right
what is the treatment for brisket disease (aka cor pulmonale)
thoracocentesis, oxygen administration, move them to lower altitude!
what are the feedstuffs that cause cardiomyopathy
monesin, lasalocid, cottonseed
this frequently converts to a normal sinus rhythm without treatment
atrial fibrillation
what is the most common congenital CV defect
ventricular septal defect
what laboratory findings are consistent with bacterial endocarditis
leukocytosis
mature neutrophilia
hyperfibrinogenemia
hyperglobulinemia
anemia of chronic disease
what altitude are cattle most likely developing brisket disease
5000 ft
what clinical signs indicate pain in cattle that might be related to pericarditis
abnormal stance, abducted elbows, expiratory grunt, reluctance to move
what is a normal heart rate in adult cattle
40-90 bpm
what usually results from left to right shunt and may be hereditary in limousine and hereford cattle
ventricular septal defect
how would you treat bacterial endocarditis
long term antibiotics but it is not practical, prognosis is grave
how long does it take for cattle to develop brisket disease at high altitudes
greater than 3 weeks
what is the most common cardiac tumor in cattle
lymphosarcoma of the right atrial or right ventricular myocardium
what is the normal heart rate in calves
100-120 bpm
which valve is most commonly affected by bacterial endocarditis
tricuspid
what is characterized by increased pulmonary arterial pressure because of hypoxia
brisket disease
it can be as high as 65% of calves who are genetically susceptible compared to the average of only 0.5-10%
what is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in cattle?
atrial fibrillation
this occurs soon after birth due to poor hygiene, failure of passive transfer, or neonatal weakness and why you should use iodine dip
omphalitis (navel infection)
what is the infectious agent from cases of bacterial endocarditis
trueperella pyogenes
brisket disease is associated with symptoms of what ? (two main things)
right sided heart failure
edema of the brisket, ventral thorax, and submandibular area
what are some common causative agents of cardiomyopathy
ionophores and gossypol
administration of this drug may cause or maintain atrial fibrillation
these carry oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetal liver
and
these carry deoxygenated blood from the fetal liver to the placenta
umbilical veins
umbilical arteries