Farm to Table
This is the first step in the farm-to-table continuum, where crops are grown or animals are raised.
What is production?
Turning wheat into flour is an example of transforming this type of agricultural product
What is a raw commodity
Bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi are examples of this type of food hazard
What are biological hazards
This appliance keeps food cold but generally does not freeze it.
What is a refrigerator
This pathogen is commonly associated with undercooked poultry, eggs, and contaminated food
What is Salmonella?
This documentary examines how the industrial food system affects consumers, farmers, workers, and the environment
What is food Inc
After food is harvested or an animal is processed, this step involves moving food from one location to another.
What is transportation
Milk can be transformed into this popular dairy product through processing and fermentation ( hint: can't be sliced)
What is yogurt
Cleaning chemicals, pesticides, and excessive amounts of certain additives can create this type of food hazard
What are chemical hazards
Freezing food slows microbial growth much more effectively than refrigeration because it does this to available water
What is turning water into ice
This bacterium can be associated with undercooked ground beef and can cause severe illness, especially from certain strains such as O157:H7
What is E. coli
The documentary highlights the enormous role this industry plays in producing inexpensive meat and other food products
What is industrial agriculture
Grocery stores, restaurants, and other businesses perform this step when they make food available for consumers to purchase
What is distribution
Corn can be processed into this sweetener commonly used in many processed foods and beverages
What is high-fructose corn syrup
Glass, metal fragments, and pieces of plastic are examples of this type of hazard
What are physical hazards
Refrigeration generally keeps perishable foods at temperatures around this range or below
What is 40°F (4°C)
This virus is commonly spread through contaminated food or water and is a major cause of foodborne illness
What is norovirus
This fast-food company is featured in the documentary as an example of how inexpensive food can influence the entire agricultural system
What is McDonald’s
This part of the continuum includes activities such as washing, cutting, packaging, or cooking food before it reaches consumers
What is processing
Canning, freezing, drying, and milling are all examples of this broad activity performed on raw agricultural products
What is food processing
When raw chicken juice gets onto a ready-to-eat salad, this type of contamination has occurred
What is cross-contamination
Freezing food does not necessarily kill all microorganisms; instead, it primarily does this to their growth
What is stop or greatly slow their growth
This type of Salmonella is primarily associated with typhoid fever and is adapted to infect humans
What is Salmonella Typhi?
The documentary raises concerns about the way this crop is heavily used in processed foods and animal feed, including through products such as high-fructose corn syrup
What is corn
A foodborne illness can occur at multiple points along this continuum, which is why preventing contamination at every stage is important
What is the farm-to-table continuum
When a raw commodity is transformed into a product with additional value—such as tomatoes becoming pasta sauce—it has undergone this economic process
What is value-added processing
Keeping food out of this temperature range is an important way to slow the growth of many harmful bacteria
What is the temperature danger zone
This preservation method is generally better for storing food safely for months rather than just several days
What is freezing
This virus is commonly spread through contaminated food or water and can cause inflammation of the liver
What is Hepatitis A?
The documentary discusses how large food companies can use this legal protection to prevent farmers from saving and reusing seeds from patented crops
What are patents
A food product may pass through production, processing, transportation, distribution, retail, and finally this stage, where it is prepared and eaten
What is consumption
Turning soybeans into soybean oil, meal, and other products demonstrates this concept, in which one raw commodity can be transformed into multiple useful products
What is value-added processing
A food-processing facility discovers that a batch of ready-to-eat food may have been contaminated with a harmful bacterium. The company removes the product from stores to prevent consumers from becoming sick
What is a food recall
Unlike refrigeration, this preservation method causes microorganisms to become largely inactive, allowing properly packaged foods to remain safe and usable for much longer periods
What is freezing
Of the six major foodborne pathogens discussed in class, this one is a virus rather than a bacterium and is one of the most common causes of foodborne illness
What is norovirus
Food, Inc. argues that consumers have influence over the food system because their purchasing decisions can affect what companies choose to produce and sell. This idea is often summarized by the phrase, “Every time you spend money, you are ___.
What is voting