Bread Basics
What ancient civilization first created bread?
Egyptians
What is the role of flour in dough?
Holds ingredients and acts as a binder
What is the most common flour and its gluten %?
All-purpose Flour 12%
Name the 3 types of leavening actions.
Physical, Chemical, biological
What sugar adds chewiness to cookies?
Molasses
What did early Native Americans make bread from?
Maize or Corn
What does sugar do in baking?
Adds sweetness/moisture/color/helps fermentation
What flour is best for cakes?
Cake Flour
What is a physical leavening agent?
Air
What are the 3 cookie textures?
Crisp, chewy, cake
List the 4 main ingredients in bread dough.
Flour, water, salt, yeast
What is the purpose of fats in baking?
Adds flavor, tenderness, helps with creaming
What flour is best for bread making?
Bread Flour
Name one chemical leavener.
Baking powder or baking soda
What is the typical baking temperature for cookies?
350-400 degrees
What temperature should yeast be?
100-110 degrees
Why is butter often preferred?
Better flavor
What is “00” flour used for?
Soft pizza and pasta dough
What does baking soda need to activate?
Acid (like buttermilk or chocolate)
Why remove cookies from the tray right away?
Prevent over-browning
What is the difference between yeast bread and quick bread?
Quick breads uses chemical leaveners and no yeast
What are 2 functions of eggs?
Leavening, structure, thickening, freshness
Name one gluten-free flour.
Almond, coconut, rice, oat, etc.
What is yeast?
A living microorganism (fungus)
Name one type of cookie.
Chocolate chip, sugar, peanut butter, etc.