Bones
What is the most distal division of the foot?
Phalanges
Where are extrinsic muscles located?
Lower leg
What movements are the Achilles tendon responsible for?
Jumping, running, walking, etc.
Provide an example of an action involving plantar flexion.
Standing on tippy toes
Which direction are metatarsals numbered I to V?
Medial to lateral
What two sections are the intrinsic muscles divided into?
Plantar and dorsal
What's the difference between Achilles tendinitis and rupture?
Tendonitis: Inflammation due to overuse or damage to the area
Rupture: Full or partial tear of the Achilles tendon
What plane of movement does plantar flexion occur in?
Sagittal plane
What type of joint is the talocrural joint?
Hinge joint
What muscle abducts/flexes the big toe?
Abductor hallucis
Provide three symptoms of Achilles tendon rupture.
• Intense, sudden pain
• Swelling & bruising
• A "pop" or "snap" sound
• Inability to walk properly or stand on toes
Provide two bones involved in plantar flexion.
• Talus
• Tibia
• Fibula
• Calcaneus
What type of movement is the subtalar joint responsible for?
Inversion/eversion
What are the two primary intrinsic dorsal muscles?
Extensor hallucis brevis and extensor digitorum brevis
What immediate treatments are used for Achilles tendon tendinitis?
• Rest, ice
• NSAIDS for pain relief
What three muscles attach to the Achilles tendon, causing calcaneus to rise during plantar flexion?
• Gastrocnemius
• Plantaris
• Soleus
What are the landmarks of the ankle joint?
Medial malleolus of the tibia & lateral malleolus of the fibula
What is the insertion of the intrinsic plantar muscles?
Phalanges
What treatment(s) are used for severe Achilles tendon rupture?
Surgery, immobilization, physical therapy
The ___ longus and ____ brevis helps with flexion.
peroneus