Jacoby Creek YKWTFGO
By the book
Case study globally
Management Techniques
Case studies with Pascal
Fill in the blank
100
what were the 5 thinning methods we applied to the different plots?
Carbon sequestration/timber, bear damage avoidance, pyrosilviculture, eco-cultural, climate resilience
100
what does "in situ" mean?
in original place, without intervention
100
In what ways can the community play a major role in forest restoration?
Agroforestry, functional institutional arrangments, use forest products to fund restoration, using thorough planning and commitment larger action can be taken.
100
What is the difference between variable density thinning(VDT) and variable retention harvest (VT)?
VDT,like other thinning methods, promotes growth and variations in tree density and creates heterogeneity. Variable retention is not a thinning and saves key structural elements of a stand, mimicking natural disturbance while still providing timber.
100
What are indicators of an old growth condition stand?
multilayered canopies, a range of tree ages and sizes, large standing snags and downed logs
100
Longleaf pine seedlings have a "____ _____"before emerging to begin height growth
grass stage
200
What objectives were considered for climate resilience?
Low stand density to avoid drought stress, drought-tolerant species(cut over represented), and create species redundancy.
200
Why are pioneer species important?
Pioneer species are typically hardy natives that bring back nutrients to the site. many species can serve multiple purposes and can better soil and shade qualities.
200
What negative impacts can reforestation have on an area?
Largely impacts the water table, species like pine increase water uptake leaving less water available to communities. Monocultures,like plantations, can cause a loss of biodiversity. Non-native species can dominate foreign spaces. Could interfere with cultural practices, such as cultural burning.
200
What technique could be useful in opening the canopy and reducing crown competition, while lowering thinning costs in dense stands?
Crop tree release
200
What is bottom land hardwood?
River swamps on flood plains with mixed species. Really good soils can support a variety of different deciduous species.
200
Monitoring during pre-treatment establishes _______ data before any removal
baseline
300
What species were preferred for bear damage avoidance?
Redwood and DF
300
What can you do to reconcile interests of different stakeholders?
Open communication helps eachother understand differnces in priorities and/or culture, implement checks and balances, and understanding there is no superior/absolute solution.
300
Areas like kenya have densely populated rural landscapes, how can this impact restoration?
-strong correlation between population density and planted trees
-traditional, native ways of tending to land, agroforestry are beneficial
-with right legal framework restoration is possible
300
What are examples of agroforestry practices?
Riparian forest buffer, wind breaks, silvopasture, alley cropping, and forest farming
300
In the Low vs crown thinning experiment at RNSP, a late precommercial thinning to Douglas fir dominant 40 yr old redwood stand, what treatments enhanced the proportion of redwood in each plot?
Crown thin 40% BA, C80, Low thin 80% BA
300
____ ____ _______ may refer to the resistance and resilience of natural systems or the adaptive capacity of social systems in the foreseeable future.
Climate Change adaptation
400
In the stand level summary, redwood made up what percent of stand basal area?
about 75%
400
what are three types of indicators used to measure success ?
Landscape stability, Program efficiency, and Flexibility
400
In the reforestation of polluted sites in Japan, why was the project difficult even though they had a seed source?
There was a short growing period and little remaining top soil. Ontop of that the site was steep, so materials were carried up on peoples backs.
400
why would monitoring subplots be concentrated(really packed) on a transect?
There is more effort being put in to maintain gradient of variation
400
In the Aspen restoration in tahoe basin with pascal, what were some of the issues encountered in the study?
Conifers(mostly firs) slow the growth of aspen
limited machine access, all hand pile
too much fuels(consider girdling and coarse woody debris in future)
400
Weed control in longleaf was better with ______ _____ to prevent competition between seedlings and weeds
chemical usage
500
What thinning method would support culturally important plants and trees, increase biodiversity, and create multiple tree sizes and age classes for the future?
variable density thinning
500
What are some indicators of program efficiency?
Decreased need for inputs like fertilizer, weed/pest control, and irrigation. Production increases income to community. Public is involved in program
500
What made the assisted natural regrowth in Nepal interesting?
-larger leafy species difficult to establish due to dry conditions
-Native Chir pine, planted as a plantation, was able to provide shade for saplings
-low cost and low tech with proper weed management
500
What are some examples of pest management we have explored this semester?
-removal of invasive species
-remove infected trees(beetles/fungus)
-pick species better adapted to the pest
-introduce predator of pest(goats for weeds, others to scare grazers)
-barriers like fences
500
What method from the thinning 360 activity achieved OG density of the stand, left high density areas for predators/prey, and limited fuel load
Variable density thinning with no fire Rx
500
A crucial element to success in any restoration program is wether the ____ _________ is involved
local community
600
An example of a functional institutional arrangement for forest management would be...?
Indigenous management systems
600
In areas of high degradation, such as the mined land in Brazil, What makes forest restoration possible?
Time, sufficent funds, resources for seeds and saplings. if the site was mined, hopefully the soil was saved to fill in the site.
600
why is the duff layer dangerous in arid climates?
The duff layer is thick and doesn't experience a breeze, leading it to be the hottest place on earth and can cook seedlings.
600
What does LMAV stand for and what are some features?
Lower Mississippi Alluvial valley, habitat for rich fauna, dense foliage filters flood waters to improve water quality, high timber commodity.
700
Monitoring recovery can be done in many ways, consider how species of plants and animals can be an indicator of success
Species present in certain life forms compared between disturbed and undisturbed ecosystems. How can each trophic level make a comeback and how do they depend on eachother.
700
Arid and semi arid regions have limited water supplys, How can proper site prep contribute to water conservation?
-swales maximize shade between trees so less ground water evaporates
-micro catchments like contour terraces, bunds and negarism system allow water to stay where it lands(good for steep slopes)
-plant drought tolerant species
700
How do we increase persistence in Aspen stands in Tahoe without intensive treatments yearly?
Cut/kill conifers over >30" in DBH
Higher fire regime, smaller aspen easily injured but rapidly regenerate after pile burns
700
In the Jackson state forest, what were the study objectives?
Provide reference data for future restoration, examine response to harvest, and stimulate growth and structure development through the use of Variable retention.
800
Can a degraded site be restored on a shorter timeline?
Yes, examples of this include Korea's forest after japanese occupation and agro forestry in Indonesia and the vegetation blocks used in the mts of japan. These sites required extensive labor and monitoring, but were able to be reforested in short periods of time. The sites did not resemble the OG conditions but that comes with time.
800
Old Growth reference conditions true or false:
Gap areas are large; with 17-25% of the stands area being gaps
True
800
In the Mill Creek case study, what was unique about the Rockefeller site?
There were more gaps in canopy with more burls and less reiterations. This site also had the tallest trees with 14 in the >3.0 DBH class