Sugar & Rehabilitation
What was the first iteration of the HHCA?
The Hawaiian Rehabilitation Bill
This 1921 federal act, signed by President Warren Harding, aimed to rehabilitate Native Hawaiians through a homesteading program.
Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA).
What does HHCA stand for?
Hawaiian Homes Commissions Act
Name two out of the five uses of the revenue gained from the land.
Public Education
Development of farm and home ownership
Public Improvements
Provisions of lands for public use
Hawaiians
Who proposed the earliest idea of the HHCA?
Territorial Senator John H. Wise
What is Blood quantum?
A term used in debates over the HHCA. It refers to the minimum percentage of Hawaiian ancestry required to qualify for homesteading benefits.
A.G.M. Robertson & George M. McClellan
How did the Office of Hawaiian Affairs divide the beneficiaries of the land revenue?
Two classes: "Native Hawaiian" (50% Hawaiian blood) and "Hawaiian" (<50% Hawaiian blood).
What was one of the 2 restrictions brought up with the 1900 organic act?
5 year leasing limit for agriculture and/or Leasing only 1000 acres at a time
Who is John H. Wise?
Hawaiian senator. He invoked the injustices of the Mahele land division to argue for the HHCA, noting commoners received only 28,000 acres.
Part- Hawaiians were annexed why?
They had less than 50% Hawaiian it was used to indicate that they weren't Native Hawaiians and it showed that they were no longer eligible for the same things
Why was the land beneficiary status given to Hawaiians ironic?
They originally owned the land, but it was taken from them wrongfully.
Who was Hawai'i's sole delegate to Congress?
Prince Jonah Kuhio Kalaniana'ole
Why is blood quantum criticized?
Its discriminatory nature, its role in erasing Indigenous identity, and its historical roots in colonialism,
Why did A.G.M. Robertson and George M. McClellan argue for the restrictive blood quantum?
They argued it not for the hawaiians, but for "White American Majority" and White property interest
What did the 1959 Hawaiian Statehood Admission Act do?
Transferred lands from federal use to State control. So, Ceded land and Hawaiian Home Land would be held in a public trust. (Government-owned land, but Hawaiians could use it).