defining moments
communities
data work
Hardy-Weinberg
evolution
mixed bag
100
a list of all of the abiotic fators in this diagram include __
what are: sun/heat, rain, clouds, water, rocks, sediment/dirt, air/oxygen
100
an example of ___
niche partitioning (also called resource partitioning)
100
calculate the growth rate of the bacterial population between hours 2 and 4
495 cells/mL*hours
104-101/2 = 1000-10/2 hours =
cells/mL divided by hours --> cells/mL*hour
100
If a population is said to be in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, it is __________.
what is not evolving
100
The Galápagos tortoises share a common ancestor, but have necks of different lengths to best reach the food they need in their environment; this is an example of __
what is divergent evolution
200
_ is a generalist while _ is a specialist because __
racoon is a generalist; panda is a specialist; b/c varied ways to meet needs vs specific ways
200
the notion that 'no two species can coexist at constant population values if they are competing for the same resource' is known as __
what is the Competitive Exclusion Principle.
200
a population of microscopic eukaryotes growing in a large flask is depicted above. Two factors that explain the shape of the curve during period 1 and 2 factors for period 2.
Per. 1 = exp growth b/c no limiting factors; births > deaths
per. 2 = accumulation of toxic waste incr. death & decr. repro; CC stabilites the repro rate = death
200
How you use the Hardy-Weinberg equations to determine if a population is evolving.
change in allele frequency over time
200
A species that exhibits characteristics of two different groups of animals and serves as evidence for evolution.
what is a transitional species
300
An excellent example of ___ is seen in bees that pollinate flowers. Bees don't see red but they do see yellow, blue, and ultra-violet light. Flowers that attract bees as pollinators tend to be yellow & blue in color.
what is coevolution
300
this is known as a boom and bust cycle, you can infer that the blue line represents a __ population while the red line represents a __ population
blue = prey
red = predator
300
these graphs demonstrate an important concept in ecology and community structure known as __
the Competitive Exclusion Principle
300
In corn, yellow kernel color is governed by a dominant allele; white, by its recessive allele. A random sample of 1,000 kernels from a population that is in equilibrium reveals that 910 are yellow and 90 are white. What are the frequencies of the yellow and white alleles in this population? What is the percentage of heterozygous in this population?
what is p = 0.7, q=0.3? 42%
300
Which of the following principles is NOT part of Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection? (a) Evolution is a gradual process that occurs over long periods of time. (b) Variation occurs among individuals in a population. (c) Mutations are the ultimate source of genetic variation. (d) Individuals that possess the most favorable variations have the best chance of reproducing.
(a) Evolution is a gradual process that occurs over long periods of time.
400
an example of __ mimicry when one species has evolved to mimic another
Batesian mimicry; the mimic gains a selective advantage of reduced predation b/c it is mistaken for a toxic species 
400
yellow-billed cuckoos hatch in mid-July and cicadas. Predict what will happen to the ecosystem if a wildfire ravages the cottonwoods in late spring. 
what is...interspecific competition will increase as the food web crashes; the cuckoo population will decrease but every other species shown in this web will also decrease
400
A fish population of 250 animals in a pond, has a maximum annual rate of increase of 0.8; if the carrying capacity of the pond is 1,500 for this species, the expected population size after 1 year?
417
= rmaxN(K-N/K)
= 8*250(1500-250/1500) = 166.7 add that 166.7 to 250 = 417
400
An agent of change caused by a random chance event, such as a hurricane, allows one small group of lizards to float to a 'new' island where they flourish.
what is genetic drift
400
Askenazi Jews are an example of this. During WWII, their populations decreased significantly. By chance the remaining population had a high number of the allele that codes for the deadly disease, Tay-Sachs.
what is a bottleneck effect
500
each of the different types of selection pressures are 1___, 2___, and 3___
1. disruptive
2. stabilizing
2. directional
500
the specific term for the type of relationship shown here...
what is mutualism; both organisms benefit
500
which of the cladograms provides the simplest and most accurate representation of the data in the table?
500
After graduation, you and 19 of your closest friends (lets say 10 males and 10 females) charter a plane to go on a round-the-world tour. Unfortunately, you all crash land (safely) on a deserted island. No one finds you and you start a new population totally isolated from the rest of the world. Two of your friends carry (i.e. are heterozygous for) the recessive cystic fibrosis allele (c). Assuming that the frequency of this allele does not change as the population grows, what will be the incidence of cystic fibrosis on your island?
what is 0.25%
500
The movement of individuals and alleles in and out of populations. Modern humans are an excellent example of this.
what is gene flow
600
Wolves were once native to Yellowstone National Park but they were hunted to the point of complete extinction within the park. Decades later researchers began looking at the location of stream beds and aspen populations in the park. Eventually, after research on trees, small birds, elk, and beaver were completed, the decision was made to reintroduce wolves. What does that indicate about the status of wolves within the Yellowstone ecosystem
wolves are a keystone species
600
ignore the human...what kind of a relationship is shown here
what is commensalism; one organism benefits, the other is neither harmed nor benefited
600
if the algae are considered to provide 2,500 kCal of energy to the trophic web shown, how much energy is available to the leopard seal if the seal is eating penguins?
10% rule therefore 0.25 kCal
2500*0.1=250 avail to krill; 250*0.1=25 avail to herring group; 25*0.1=2.5 avail to penguin; 2.5*0.1=0.25kCal to seal
600
Within a population of butterflies, the color brown (B) is dominant over the color white (b). And, 40% of all butterflies are white. Calculate the frequency of homozygous dominant individuals.
what is 0.135
600
survival of the fittest is a common phrase attributed to Charles Darwin but this man, __, actually introduced this term into the discussion of evolutionary theory
who is Herbert Spencer (published in 1864); Darwin used this same statement in 1869