Historical
Main reason Indigenous tribes fell to colonization:
controversial historical figure in the U.S. regarded as a founder of America and the concept of race
Thomas Jefferson
What 1890 massacre in South Dakota marked the end of armed Indigenous resistance in the United States?
The Wounded Knee Massacre
Land needed for growing what crop led to the trail of tears
cotton
Which U.S. region was home to the Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Seminole tribes before their forced relocation?
The southeast region
What did the indian removal act indicate?
federal power over reservations
Why was federal gov able to justify forced migration
borders not clearly defined
What U.S. policy forced Indigenous children into boarding schools to erase their culture and language?
The Indian Boarding School System
This invention increased the demand for Native lands in the Southeast
cotton gin
What law, passed in 1830, authorized the federal government to relocate Indigenous tribes west of the Mississippi River?
the Indian removal act
What was the trail of tears
forced migration of indigenous past Mississippi river.
What "justified" dehumanization of indigenous tribes?
question of citizenship, loose borders
Which 2016 test in North Dakota became a global symbol of Indigenous resistance to environmental exploitation?
The Standing Rock Protest
The discovery of what resource motivated the U.S. throughout the 19th century to take over Native Lands
gold
What major infrastructure project led to broken treaties and displacement of Plains tribes in the Midwest?
The expansion of the railroads
Major "reason" for removing indigenous tribes from land
economic, land, resources
What options were indigenous tribes offered to gain citizenship?
removal or dispossession
What crisis highlights the epidemic of violence against Indigenous women and girls in North America?
The Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women (MMIW) crisis
Westward expansion encouraged the building of this infrastructure, which boosted commerce and the movement of people.
railroad
What was the 1864 event in which Navajo people were forced to march 300 miles to Bosque Redondo?
The Long Walk of the Navajo
What process is considered crucial to American history
forced removal
Why was the enlightenment period controversial (thomas jefferson)
creation of the social construct of race - which is why citizenship was questioned
What core right do Indigenous activists continue to fight for today in relation to their traditional lands?
Land and sovereignty rights
U.S. leaders justified removing Native Americans to open land for farming, settlement, and the extraction of these.
natural resources
Which event caused the mass killing and enslavement of California Indigenous people between 1849–1870?
the California gold rush