Force and Motion
This force pulls objects with mass toward each other and gets weaker as the distance between objects increases.
What is gravity?
A force that does not require objects to touch and can pull or push at a distance is called this.
What is a non-contact force?
Energy due to motion is called this.
What is kinetic energy?
The law stating energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed, is called this.
What is the law of conservation of energy?
Newton’s first law states that an object at rest stays at rest unless acted upon by this.
What is an unbalanced force?
Name the force that occurs when two surfaces push or rub against each other and opposes motion.
What is friction?
Identify the force labeled FA pushing a textbook across a desk in a free-body diagram.
What is the applied force?
Energy stored due to an object’s position above Earth’s surface is called this.
What is gravitational potential energy?
In a roller coaster, as the car moves down the slope, gravitational potential energy decreases and this energy increases.
What is kinetic energy?
Calculate net force if two dogs pull a bag with 18 N and 12 N in opposite directions.
What is 6 N in the direction of the stronger pull?
If you push a file cabinet with 125 N to the right and your friend pushes with 97 N to the left, what is the net force and in which direction will it move?
What is 28 N to the right?
Which force acts perpendicular to a surface, supporting objects resting on it?
What is the normal force?
This type of potential energy is stored when materials like rubber bands are stretched or compressed.
What is elastic potential energy?
When energy transforms in an electric circuit, chemical energy in the battery changes into these two types of energy in the bulb.
What are electrical energy and light energy?
Describe the forces acting on a paper clip before and after a magnet is brought near it.
What are friction and normal force act before; magnetic and gravitational forces act after, pulling the clip toward the magnet?
Newton’s third law states that for every action, there is this.
What is an equal and opposite reaction force?
What force pairs are described by Newton’s third law? Give an example from everyday life.
What are action and reaction forces? (Example: pushing a wall, and the wall pushes back)
Chemical potential energy is stored in these and is released when they break during reactions.
What are chemical bonds?
In a food web, energy is transferred and transformed but never lost. This process shows conservation of energy. Name two forms energy takes in this system.
What are chemical energy (from plants) and kinetic/thermal energy (from animals)?
Explain the force pairs when a swimmer pushes off a pool wall.
What is the swimmer pushes the wall (action), and the wall pushes back with equal force (reaction)?
Tomás and Gwen push on a sculpture from opposite sides and it remains still. What type of forces are acting on the sculpture?
What are balanced forces?
Explain how magnetic forces between bar magnets change based on poles and distance.
What is magnetic force is strongest at poles; opposite poles attract, like poles repel, and force decreases as distance increases?
Explain the transformation of energy when a book falls off a shelf.
What is gravitational potential energy converts to kinetic energy as the book falls?
Explain why roller coasters slow down slightly even though the law of conservation of energy applies.
What is mechanical energy is conserved but some is transformed into thermal energy due to friction?
If two friends push a door with forces of 32 N and 30 N in opposite directions, will the door move? Calculate the net force.
What is 2 N in the direction of the stronger push; the door will move?