Motion
Forces
Energy
Simple Machines
Potential and Kinetic Energy
100
Identify the reference object: “The car moves away from the garage.”
The garage.
100
A ball moves from the whiteboard toward the desk at a medium speed.
Position: whiteboard → desk; Direction: toward the desk; Speed: medium; Reference object: whiteboard or desk.
100
A student claims a car has the most kinetic energy at the top of a ramp.
Are they correct? Explain.
No
Evidence: Speed is lowest at the top.
100
A ramp used to push a heavy box into a truck.
Inclined plane
100
What type of energy does a moving object have?
What is Kinetic Energy?
200
Identify what is missing: “The ball rolled slowly.”
Position, direction, and reference object.
200
Any push or pull.
What is Force?
200
At which point does a roller coaster have the most potential energy?
At the highest point.
200
A system that uses a rope to lift a flag upward.
Pulley
200
A rolling ball slows down. What happens to its kinetic energy? Explain.
Its kinetic energy decreases because it is moving more slowly.
300
An object moves the same distance in less time. What happens to its speed?
Its speed increases.
300
A toy car rolls quickly around a chair from the bookshelf to the center of the room.
Position: bookshelf → center; Direction: around the chair; Speed: fast; Reference object: chair or bookshelf.
300
This is called the ability to do work.
What is Energy?
300
Why does a longer ramp often feel more efficient than a shorter, steeper ramp?
It requires less effort even though the distance is longer.
300
Both vehicles are going 35mph. Which one has more kinetic energy?
What is the Truck?
(Because it has more mass/more weight)
400
Two students describe the same ball.
Student A: “It’s next to the desk.”
Student B: “It’s far away.”
Who is more scientifically accurate and why?
Student A, because they use a reference object.
400
What happens to potential energy as an object falls?
It decreases as it changes into kinetic energy.
400
True or False: Energy disappears when an object stops moving.
Energy is transferred, not destroyed.
400
Which simple machine is best for moving heavy objects across the floor and why?
Wheel and axle, because rolling reduces friction and effort.
400
Two objects are at different heights. Which has more gravitational potential energy and why?
The object at the greater height has more potential energy.
500
Can an object’s position change even if it does not move? Explain.
Yes, if the reference object moves.
500
Explain why two students walking the same path at different speeds have different motions.
Speed is different, even though position and direction are the same. Motion depends on speed, direction, and position relative to a reference object.
500
Explain how speed and height together show energy transformation.
As height decreases, speed increases, showing potential energy changing into kinetic energy.
500
A tool with a fulcrum that helps pry open a lid.
Lever
500
Can an object have potential energy even if it is not moving? Explain.
Yes, because energy can be stored due to position.