Forces
What is a force?
a push or pull that can change motion
the ability to do work or cause chance
what does a flat line on a distance-time graph mean?
the object is at rest
What is Newton's First Law?
an object stays at rest or moves at constant speed unless acted on by a force
Forces cause motion, and motion transfers energy
when are forces balanced?
when equal forces act in opposite directions
What is kinetic energy
Energy of motion
what does a steep slope show?
how do you find speed from a graph?
what is Newton's Second Law?
Force = Mass x Acceleration (F=ma)
Describe an example of energy transfer caused by force.
A bat hitting a ball -- energy moves from bat to ball
What happens with unbalanced fores?
The object speeds up, slows down, or changes direction
What is potential energy
stored energy due to position or condition
how do you find speed from a graph?
Speed = Distance รท Time.
What is Newton's 3rd Law?
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
What happens when energy changes forms?
It transforms but is never lost
Give an example of friction
A soccer ball slowing down on grass
example of energy transformation
Hand crank --> electrical --> light --> heat.
pendulum transfer
magnetic energy --> kinetic
what does a curve on a speed time graph mean?
acceleration
Example of Newton's Third Law
Rocket launch - gases push down, rocket pushes up
Explain how motion graphs and energy connect
When motion increases, kinetic energy increases -- the slope shows that change
How does mass affect the motion of an object when a force is applied?
the greater the mass, the less it accelerates under the same foce
what happens to energy when it is transferred between objects
it changes form or moves but the total energy remains the same (law of conservation of energy)
what does a downward slope on a distance time graph represent?
the object is returning to the starting point(moving backward)
What happens if two objects with different masses collide?
Describe how Newton's Laws explain energy transfer in motion
Forces create motion (1st Law), the acceleration depends on mass (2nd Law), and equal/opposite force cause energy to move between objects (3rd Law)