Stress
the force that acts on rock to change shape or volume
what is stress?
a break in the rock of Earth's crust
what is fault?
Vibrations that move through the ground carrying the energy released during an earthquake
What are seismic waves?
Molten material that leaves a volcano's vent is called this
What is lava?
the formation of many volcanoes that form around the Pacific Ocean
What is the Pacific Ring of Fire?
the pulling on crust, stretching rock so it becomes thinner in the middle
what is tension?
when forces pull rocks apart along a divergent boundary, block of rock moves slowly down
what is a normal fault?
The direction that seismic waves carry energy from an earthquake
What is away from the focus?
lava that flows out gradually building a wide, gently sloping mountain
what is a shield volcano?
When magma hardens in a volcano's pipe, this can result in this type of landform
What is a volcanic neck?
the squeezing of rock until it folds or breaks
what is compression?
when two blocks of a rock slide past each other in opposite directions (transform boundaries)
what is a strike-slip fault?
This type of wave can travel through both solids & liquids
What is a P wave?
lava has high viscosity and produces ash, cinders, bombs which all build up around the vent in a steep, cone shaped hill or small mountain
what is a cinder cone volcano?
A string of islands from volcanoes along converging boundaries
What is an island arc?
the pushing of a mass of rock in two opposite directions
what is shearing?
what is a reverse fault?
This is what a seismograph records
What are the vibrations or Earth movements caused by seismic waves?
Tall, cone-shaped mountains in which layers of lava alternate with layers of ash
What is a composite volcano?
a high level area that has been built up over time from lava seeping out of several cracks
what is a lava plateau?
Type of stress that produces reverse faults & mountains
What is compression?
This is a footwall (must tell me the type of fault)
What is the piece of ground that hangs below the other piece when a normal fault is created?
Type of seismic waves that reach the surface first and can compress & expand the Earth's ground
What is the primary (P) wave?
These are the 3 stages that volcanoes can go through
What is active, dormant, and extinct?
a huge hole left by the collapse of a volcanic mountain
what is a caldera?