FORELIMB

JOINTS

100

describe the articulations of the fetlock joint

distal end of the 3rd metacarpal bone (cannon bone) and the proximal end of the first phalanx (long pastern bone) and the proximal sesamoid bones (medial and lateral)

200

describe the landmarks for injecting the olecranon bursa

between the origin of the biceps, dorsal to the deltoid tuberosity

300

these are the components of the passive stay apparatus of the carpus to prevent over-________

flat dorsal parts of the midcarpal joint, radiocarpal joint, carpal ligaments, and pull of the 

400

name the order of occurrence of of OCD/ chip fractures in the carpus (1-4)

1. distal radius

2. distal intermediate carpal bone

3. proximal 3rd carpal bone

4. distal radial carpal bone

500

what is the landmark for coffin injections

extensor process of p3

NERVES

100

describe landmarks for high palmar nerve block and if the horse is standing or flexed?

between splints and cannon bone and at the dorsal borders of DDF

200

paralysis of this nerve causes a dropped elbow instead of normal positioning and atrophy of extensor carpi radialis and common digital extensor, and triceps

radial nerve

300

this nerve block desensitizes the pastern joint while the limb is held at the base of the proximal _______ bones

abaxial; sesamoid

400

state the name of the procedure done to treat the pain related to the disease related to the loss of sharpey's fibers and what should be avoided when doing such.

palmar digital neurectomy; ligament of eregot

500

this superficial nerve is often damaged in cases related to racehorses causing lameness followed by muscle weakness and atrophy.

what is the name of this case

suprascapular nerve

sweeny

CLIN. SIG.

100

in cases of bucked shins, what is expected of the cortex of a trained horse versus an untrained

trained horse- thicker and denser at the front of the bone than at the sides or back at the level of the 3rd metacarpal (cannon bone)

untrained- thinner

200

describe the difference between the angular limb deformities: carpal valgus and varus.

name the treatment for growth retardation

valgus- toes out, lateral growth

varus- toes in, medial growth

transphyseal bridging

300

name the clinical case related to accessory check ligaments and which one is cut in less severe cases?

club foot

smaller angle- proximal check ligament

400

what is the most common bone affected in slab fractures

3rd carpal bone

500

what is the common and cheap diagnostic method for navicular disease vs

common and expensive method

what is the method for detecting an active/ongoing process

common/ cheap- hoof testers

common/ expensive- radiographs

nuclear scintigraphy 

MUSCLES

100

the tendon of this muscle prevents over flexion of the shoulder

bicep

200

what would happen to the horse's limb if the SDF and DDF were ruptured?

loss of flexion ability

300

name the condition related to tendonitis of the SDF

bowed tendons

400

this muscle is atrophied when the auxiliary nerve is paralyzed

deltoideus

500

what nerve supplies the flexors of the elbow (biceps and brachialis)

musculocutaneous nerve

HOOF

100

name the condition related to abandoned, unattended horses with wall cracks

seedy toe

200

this part of the hoof is cut into during street nail procedure to treat severe cases of _________

frog; sole abscess

300

what are the 2 parts of the hoof that interdigitate and what is the first step in laminitis

internal lamina of epidermis and external lamina of dermis

foundering

400

forelimb lameness if often evaluated by observing ____ movement, while hindlimb is ___ movement

head, hip

500

describe the condition "Quitter"

necrosis of the hoof alar cartilages