MOVEMENTS
Movement of the entire forelimb toward the caudal end of the animal.
What is retraction?
A major retractor of the foreleg that originates from the thoracolumbar fascia.
What is the latissimus dorsi?
This group of muscles all originates on or near the medial epicondyle of the humerus.
What are the digital flexor muscles?
This type of tissue is found at most articulations, and reduces friction between the bones.
What is cartilage?
What is the shoulder?
The term used in anatomy to describe a decrease in the angle between two bones at a joint.
What is flexion?
This protractor extends from transverse processes of cervical vertebrae to the spine of the scapula.
What is the omotransversarius?
This head of the triceps brachii muscles in found only in dogs.
What is the accessory head?
The hooves of large animals and the nails of small animals are primarily composed of this protein.
What is keratin?
The number of rows of carpal bones.
What is two?
Movement of the entire forelimb toward the medial axis of the animal.
What is adduction?
This border of the scapula is the point of insertion for a rhomboid-shaped retractor of the forelimb.
What is the dorsal border?
The most medial of the antebrachial extensors.
What is the extensor carpi radialis?
These structures hold bones to other bones.
What are ligaments?
The number of articulations in the elbow joint of dogs.
What is three?
(radius-humerus; ulna-humerus; radius-ulna)
Rotational movement of the entire forelimb.
What is circumduction?
The cervical portion of this deep brachial synsarcosis muscle retracts the forelimb by pulling on the medial dorsal border of the scapula.
What is the serratus ventralis?
The name of this shoulder flexor means "below spine".
What is the infraspinatus?
This fascial sheath holds the digital and carpal flexors near the bones of the forearm.
What is the flexor retinaculum?
Common name for the proximal interphalangeal joint in the horse.
What is the pastern?
Anatomical term for the orientation of the forelimb with the phalanges toward the cranial aspect and the plantar surface of the manus in contact with the ground.
What is pronation?
This superficial muscle can either protract or retract the forelimb, depending on the limb's position when the muscle contracts.
What is the pectoralis muscle?
This dorsolateral scapular muscle helps extend the shoulder joint.
What is the supraspinatus?
The number of pouches in the carpal joint capsule in the horse.
What is three?
This bone is analogous to the long bones of the hand in humans. How many of them are fused in the distal forelimb of the horse?
What is three (metacarpals)?