4th Amendment
What is the 4th Amendment?
This amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures.
What is the 5th Amendment?
This amendment provides five key protections to citizens.
What is the 6th Amendment?
This amendment protects the rights of the accused in criminal prosecutions.
This type of evidence directly proves a fact without need for inference.
What is direct evidence?
This FBI-run database stores fingerprint information.
What is IAFIS (Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System)?
To get a warrant, the government must show this level of suspicion.
What is probable cause?
This protection prevents a person from being tried twice for the same crime.
What is double jeopardy?
This right ensures that trials are conducted promptly and openly.
What is the right to a speedy and public trial?
This type of evidence requires inferences to be made about what occurred at a crime scene.
What is circumstantial or indirect evidence?
This database, run by the FBI, stores DNA profiles.
What is CODIS (Combined DNA Index System)?
This rule excludes evidence obtained through illegal searches.
What is the exclusionary rule?
This right allows a person to refuse to answer questions that might incriminate them.
What is the right against self-incrimination?
This right allows the accused to question witnesses against them.
What is the right to confront witnesses?
This factor determines the strength of evidence based on its ability to prove something in court.
What is probative value?
This network, run by the ATF, stores ballistics information.
What is NIBIN (National Integrated Ballistics Information Network)?
This 1928 case involved wiretapping without a warrant.
What is Olmstead v. United States?
These rights inform suspects of their constitutional protections during arrest.
What are Miranda Rights?
This right ensures that the accused has legal representation.
What is the right to counsel?
This type of witness has special knowledge or skills beyond that of an average person.
What is an expert witness?
This database, maintained by the RCMP, stores automotive paint data.
What is PDQ (Paint Data Query)?
Under this doctrine, information voluntarily given to third parties isn't protected.
What is the Third Party Doctrine?
This process requires the government to follow fair procedures before depriving someone of life, liberty, or property.
What is due process?
This right ensures that the jury is unbiased in a criminal trial.
What is the right to an impartial jury?
This 1993 ruling made judges "gatekeepers" for admitting scientific evidence.
What is the Daubert ruling?
This privately run database is used nationally by law enforcement for shoeprint analysis.
What is SICAR (Shoeprint Image Capture and Retrieval)?