Amendments
What does the
Fourth
Amendment
protect
against?
Unlawful searches and seizures.
What is a grand jury
A group of local people who attend the court hearings and decided wether the defendent is guilty or not
What is direct evidence
Evidence that directly proves a fact, such as eyewitness testimony
Define "due process."
Legal requirement that the state must respect all legal rights owed to
a person.
How does the Fourth Amendment affect searches
It requires law enforcement to obtain a warrant based on probable
cause before searching or seizing property
What is the 5th amendment
Right to a jury trial, protection against double jeopardy, protection
against self-incrimination, right to due process, and compensation for property
taken
What is a mistrial
The case could not be decided and will occur later
Give an example of circumstantial evidence
Fingerprints found at a crime scene
What is "eminent domain"
The right of the government to take private property for public use,
with compensation.
What is the significance of the Bill of Rights
It outlines the fundamental rights and freedoms guaranteed to individuals
Explain the Sixth Amendment's Confrontation Clause
It gives the accused the right to confront witnesses against them
What is the role of an expert witness
They provide extra specialized information about specific topics to help the jury understand the case.
What are the Frye and Daubert standards?
Standards used to determine the admissibility of expert testimony
and evidence
What does "self-incrimination" mean
The right to remain silent and not testify against oneself
Explain the role of the jury in trials
To evaluate evidence and determine the guilt or innocence of the defendant
What is double jeopardy
Being tried twice for the same thing
What does "beyond a reasonable doubt" mean
The level of certainty required for a jury to convict a defendant.
How is DNA evidence collected?
From biological samples like blood, hair, or saliva
Explain the term "probable cause.
Reasonable grounds for making a search, pressing a charge, etc.
What is the process of evidence collection
The systematic gathering of physical evidence from a crime scene for analysis
How does the Miranda warning and rights help suspects
It informs the suspects about their rights before being detained
what it is standerd proof in criminal trials
beyond a reasonable doubt
What is IAFIS?
Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System, a database
for fingerprint identification
What is an exclusionary rule?
A law that prohibits the use of illegally obtained evidence in a criminal trial.
Describe the impact of the Olmstead case
It ruled that wiretaps do not constitute a search under the Fourth Amendment, affecting privacy rights in investigations.