Types of Specialty
The study of injury or diseases.
Pathology
Minor traffic violations typically resulting in a fine.
Infraction
An agreement between the prosecution and the defense where the defendant agrees to plead guilty to a lesser charge in exchanged for a reduced sentence.
Plea bargain
The father of criminalistics, this French scientist's famous principle dictates that any two objects will leave a trace if they make contact with each other.
Edmond Locard
This type of law deals with behaviors considered an offence against society, the public, or to the state.
Criminal Law
Entomology is defined as the study of:
Insects
An offence that results in up to 15 days of jail time, but does not result in a criminal record.
Violation
An individual who presents scientific evidence in court and render an opinion about the evidence
Expert Witness
A systematic process for exploring the world through observation, experimentation, and analysis.
The scientific method
An example of this law includes a lawsuit against an individual or company.
Civil Law
The usage of a test that measures the skin conductivity, heart rate, and other physiological responses to questions.
Polygraphy
A minor crime such as petty theft or shoplifting that can result in a fine or jail time.
Misdemeanor
Posting bail money means that a defendant must:
Agree to appear in court as directed
Evidence in court must address issues that are relevant to the particular crime, meaning it must be:
Material
This level of offense includes traffic or parking violations.
Infraction
Odontology is defined as:
The study of the shape and diseases of teeth.
A major crime resulting in hefty fines and more than one year in jail.
Felony
What does MMO stand for?
Motive, means, and opportunity
Evidence in court must actually prove something, meaning that is has to be:
Probative
The result of a 1923 court case declaring that scientific evidence can only be addressed in court if it is "generally accepted" by the scientific community.
The Frye
The study of pollen grains and spores from plants.
Polynology
When a defendant is brought to the Court, he/she is read their list of charges.
Arraignment
Latin for "no consent", this is when a defendant waives their right to a trial and accepts the punishment for the crime.
Nolo contendere
Evidence cannot rely on unsubstantiated information received from others, known as:
Hearsay
How did the Daubert ruling add more flexibility in evaluating the reliability of evidence?
Whether the theory or technique can be tested
Whether the science has been offered for peer review
Whether the rate of error is acceptable
Whether the method at issue enjoys widespread acceptance
Whether the theory or technique follows standards