Introduction
What percentage of Pakistan’s land area is currently covered by forests?
around or less than 5%
What is meant by edaphic factors?
Type of soil
2 locations where mangroves are present?
Indus delta and Hab delta
Why do alpines and coniferous trees have thick bark?
To resist against cold winds
Define deforestation
It is the process of cutting down trees such that the rate of cutting is greater than the rate of growth of trees
Which province has the largest forest cover?
KPK
Coniferous grows between which altitudes above the sea level?
1000-4000m
1 specific location where the riverain forest grows
Along the Indus river
Why are alpines short but coniferous tall?
Alpines grow at a very high altitude, 4000-4500m, where sunlight and rainfall are not sufficient, while coniferous trees grow at lower altitudes, where water and sunlight are sufficient
What is urbanisation? Give 1 recent example
Converting a rural area into an urban area by developing houses and constructing transport infrastructure for example, university road in Karachi, highway, northern areas
Protection forests are called so because: (3 reasons)
1) Protect the soil - preventing soil erosion
2) Protect the environment - prevent global warming/ reduce temperature, intercept rainfall
3) Purify air - Release Oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide
What type of soil is present in the Indus plain?
Loamy and clayey - rich in alluvium
What is snowline and which plants frow there?
beyond 4500m where no plants can grow
How do mangroves survive in saline water?
Roots have filter mechanism
Define afforestation
process of Planting of trees in an area allocated only for forests where there was no plantation in the past
The apparent feature which differentiates between productive and protection forests are: 3 reasons
1) random vs linear
2) closed vs open canopy
3) Different species and height vs same
Amount of annual precipitation in the Northern mountainous areas of Pakistan?
500-750+ mm
2 locations where tropical forests grow
plains of Punjab
plains of sindh
Average height of alpine and coniferous trees?
12 m alpine and 30m coniferous
Deforestation on the mountain slopes can be countered by? 2 ways
Terracing
Contour ploughing
The goal set by UN in 2011 for pakistan to increase percent forested area?
6%
The altitude at which sub-tropical forests grow?
0-1000 m or 500-1000m
2 locations where sub tropical forests grow
most of balochistan
upper punjab
How is siltation linked to the growth of forests?
silt deposits in reservoir means it will not flow forward till delta making the soil in delta infertile where vegetation won't happen so mangroves won't grow
Which province is most affected by the damage by the floods in 2022?
Sindh