Membrane Shmembrane
What we have here is a failure to communicate.
So this is Mitosis
My osis
Final Jeopardy
100
___ are responsible for the isolating function of membranes
___ are responsible for selectively exchanging substances
Phospholipids; Proteins
100
Most animal cells secrete a fiber composite outside of the cell called the ___. One of the most important functions is structural support.
extracellular matrix (ECM)
100
The units of inheritance.
genes
100
Meiosis is a specialized cell division process that produces haploid ___.
gametes
100
In an organism that has 14 pairs of chromosomes, how many possible chromosome combinations can be created in its gametes?
214 = 16,384
200
Describe the orientation of phospholipids in a phospholipid bilayer.
Heads of the outer layer orient outward toward the watery exterior, while heads of the inner layer face the watery interior; tails face inside the membrane.
200
Plant cells are connected by ___.
plasmodesmata
200
Correct order of mitotic phases.
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
200
In this phase, homologous chromosomes pair up.
prophase I
300
Substances that cannot easily cross phospholipid bilayer. Substances that can.
Water-soluble substances such as salts, amino acids, and sugars.
Water-insoluble substances: very small molecules (water, oxygen, CO2, larger, lipid-soluble molecules)
300
___ connect adjacent cells by forming channels. These channels allow the flow of small molecules between cells.
Gap junctions
300
Sexual reproduction in eukaryotic organisms occurs when offspring are produced by the fusion of ___ (sperm and eggs) from two adults.
gametes
300
___ is a mutual exchange of DNA) between maternal and paternal homologues.
Crossing over
400
These membrane proteins are glycoproteins that serve as identification tags on the surface of a cell.
Recognition proteins
400
These are usually small molecules, typically present in minute concentrations, having a large impact on the condition of the organism as a whole.
Hormones
400
Most of the time, the DNA in each chromosome is wound around proteins called___.
histones
400
Fusion of the gametes (fertilization) combines the two haploid chromosome sets to produce a diploid (2n) ___.
zygote
500
___ are membrane proteins with pores that can be opened or closed to allow specific substances to pass across the membrane.
Channel proteins
500
___ hormones usually diffuse across the plasma membrane and go into their target cells’ cytoplasm.
___ hormones are large or hydrophilic, do not cross the plasma membrane instead bind to a receptor on the cell’s plasma membrane.
Lipid-soluble; Lipid-insoluble
500
Chromosomes that contain the same genes are called ___ chromosomes.
homologous
500
Paired homologous chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell in this phase.
metaphase I
600
A ___ solution is one with a greater solute concentration; a ___ solution has a lower solute concentration.
hypertonic; hypotonic
600
The four steps of cell–cell signaling.
1. Signal reception
2. Signal processing
3. Signal response
4. Signal deactivation
600
A ___ cell has half the number of chromosomes of a ___ cell.
haploid, diploid
600
The random combination of maternal and paternal homologues (and, therefore, alleles) during metaphase I is called
independent assortment
700
Name the tonicity for a, b, and c.
a) isotonic, b) hypertonic, c) hypotonic
700
When a signal binds at the cell surface, it triggers a complex series of events collectively called a ___ which converts the extracellular hormone signal to an intracellular signal.
signal transduction pathway
700
This phase is characterized by DNA synthesis, during which every chromosome is replicated.
S (synthesis phase)
700
In this phase, whole duplicated chromosomes of each homologous pair separate.
Sister chromatids remain attached and move as a homologue unit.
anaphase I
800
Water pressure within the central vacuole is called ___.
turgor pressure
800
___ proteins trigger the production of an intracellular messenger.
They are intracellular peripheral membrane proteins that are closely associated with transmembrane signal receptors.
G
800
The region from which the spindle microtubules originate contains a pair of microtubule-containing structures called ___.
centrioles
800
During ___, the sister chromatids of each duplicated chromosome separate, in a process that is virtually identical with mitosis.
meiosis II
900
___ are found between cells where tubes and sacs must hold contents without leaking.
Tight junctions
900
Several second messengers work by activating protein ___ which are enzymes that add a phosphate group to other proteins, a process called phosphorylation.
kinases
900
In this phase, polar microtubules from opposite poles attach to one another where they overlap at the equator. These microtubules simultaneously lengthen and push on one another, forcing the poles of the cell apart, so that the cell assumes an oval shape
anaphase
900
___ occurs from one generation to the next as a result almost entirely from meiosis and sexual reproduction.
genetic variability