Introduction to Formal Logic
The art and science of reasoning
What is logic?
Not a trained logician, but mentors AC Alta I students on formal logic while learning with them.
Who is Mrs. Green
The truth or falsity of a proposition or statement
What is truth-value?
The logic name for the being verb in a proposition.
What is copula?
The letter or symbol for which the subject term is represented.
What is S?
A word or phrase that represents a class of related things
What is a term?
Used Aristotle's logic to argue for the existence of God
Who is St. Thomas Aquinas?
A thinking process that occurs when a person expresses a relationship between two terms.
What is judgement?
The whole point of the argument or the proposition for which someone is arguing.
What is conclusion?
Some S is not P.
What is an O proposition?
One of the two branches in the study of logic centering on the form of an argument
What is formal logic?
Liked to study propositions that did not fit Aristotle's system of logic.
Who are the Stoics?
The recognition and naming or classification of an object or concept
What is simple apprehension?
The term in a proposition that is what the whole proposition is about
What is subject term?
Latin word meaning "I deny" and represents the propositions E and O.
What is nego?
An idea or truth accepted as already true
What is a priori?
Recognized the value of logic and said, "Logic is the most useful tool of all the arts."
Who is William of Ockham?
A mental process through which a person arrives at new knowledge based on the truth of one or more given axioms or postulates
What is deductive inference?
A reason given that leads to the arguer's conclusion.
What is premise?
The relationship of opposition that states that I and O cannot both be false, but they can both be true.
What is subcontrariety?
A type of logic that deals with statements and their relationship to each other.
What is propositional logic?
An example of a problem studied by a school of Philosophers in third century BC which did not fit Aristotle's system of logic.
What is the liar's paradox?
A reasoning process that occurs when someone arrives at a general conclusion or hypothesis based on observations of patterns in a group of examples
What is inductive inference?
The branch of logic pioneered by Aristotle that deals primarily with categories of things where an argument can be respresented with symbols
What is categorical logic?
The falsity of the particular implies the falsity of the universal.
What is superimplication?