Alveolar Aloha
This is the difference between external respiration and internal respiration
What is gas exchange at the alveoli (external) and gas exchange at the tissues (internal)?
This should be done upon finding a patient that has an Altered Level of Consciousness (pick the best answer):
-Transport immediately
-Assess ABCs
-Check Vitals
What is assess the ABCs?
Why?
When faced with these common questions, put the answer that needs to happen FIRST.
This is the difference between tidal volume and minute volume
What is volume of one breath vs. total volume of all the breaths in a minute?
Tidal Volume (mL) x RR = Minute Volume (mL)
This is the most common airway obstruction in an unconscious patient...
What is the tongue?
This is the goal of the Primary Assessment (ABCs)
What is identifying and treating life threats?
This is the pressure (in cmH2O) that we should start with when coaching a patient to use CPAP
What is 5cmH20?
This is how often we should reassess a stable patient
What is 15 minutes?
This phase of breathing is mostly affected by a lower airway obstruction
What is expiratory phase?
think asthma, the bronchi are constricted and therefore there is an obstruction that affects the exhale.
This is a description of how the LMA works...
What is: The airway device fits around the laryngeal opening with an inflatable cuff?
These five things are in the Scene Size up
What are: Scene Safety, Nature of Illness, Number of Patients, Request additional EMS assistance, Consider stabilization of the spine?
This is an excellent description of how CPAP helps a patient with CHF exacerbation (pulmonary edema) or COPD exacerbation breathe!
What is...?
answer should contain something about using positive pressure to open alveoli and facilitate respiration across the alveolar membrane...
This is the term for "inflammation" of the vocal chords
What is laryngitis?
This flow rate is appropriate for operating a nebulizer
What is 6-8lpm?
This should be done after finding an unresponsive patient who has extremely rapid and shallow breaths
What is ventilate using Bag Valve Mask (BVM) with an OPA or NPA?
These descriptors would fall under the "Circulation" part of the ABC assessment for a patient that is presenting normally.
What are:
skin well-perfused (pink), warm, dry
capillary refill less than 2 seconds
This is an excellent description of how CPAP differs from BiPAP
What is...
allowing two different positive pressures instead of one constant or "continuous" pressure
This is a likely cause of a patient feeling short of breath who has had a fever over the past couple days, productive cough (mucus), and crackles on auscultation
What is pneumonia?
This would be a sound produced by fluid in the lungs
What is crackles (or rales)?
rhonchi also acceptable
This is the name of the floating bone that the tongue and trachea are fixed to
What is the hyoid bone?
These findings make up OPQRST
What are Onset, Provocation, Quality, Radiation, Severity, and Time?
These are contraindications for CPAP
What are altered level of consciousness, pneumothorax, facial/head trauma, unable to maintain airway, gastric distention or vomiting, hypotension?
This is the difference between hypoxia and hypoxemia.
What are low oxygen levels in the tissues (hypoxia) and low oxygen levels in the bloodstream (hypoxemia)?
These would be at least five of the anatomical features of the lower airway, starting with the larynx and moving inferiorly...
This device should be used on a patient who is cyanotic, lethargic, and breathing over 40 times per minute...
What is a BVM?
why?
These findings make up SAMPLE
What are Signs&Symptoms, Allergies, Medications, Past Medical History, Last Oral Intake, and Events leading up to current situation?