AOC + Dec. of Indep.
Under the Articles of Confederation, who had the most power? The national government? Or the state?
State governments "retained their sovereignty"
The first 10 amendments to the Constitution are known as
The Bill of Rights
What is Hamilton PRIMARILY arguing in favor of in Federalist 70?
Energy in the Executive
"Energetic" Executive
A strong president
Which TWO constitutional provisions are at the basis of the decision in the case of McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)?
Necessary and proper clause (Article I, Sec. 8, cl. 18)
Supremacy Clause (Article VI)
Which SCOTUS case led to the principle of "one person, one vote" (that all legislative districts needed to contain roughly the same number of people)
Baker v. Carr
Which of the following was NOT considered a weakness of the Federal government under the Articles of Confederation?
The national government lacked an effective power to raise revenue.
The national government was not able to regulate commerce.
The states did not have enough power to govern themselves.
There was no national executive or judiciary to carry out or interpret the laws of the nation.
The states did not have enough power to govern themselves.
Article II
Which AP Gov principle is the subject of Federalist 51?
Primarily: Separation of Powers
Also accepted: Checks and Balances, Federalism, Bicameralism
Explain the court's ruling in the case of Shaw v. Reno.
The court ruled that North Carolina's districts were drawn in a way that suggested the use of racial gerrymandering, which violates the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment.
Which foundational document could be effectively used to support the argument that the US is too large to be governed as a republic?
(Bonus 100 if you can correctly provide evidence/reasoning)
Brutus I
I will accept WELL supported alternative options.
Identify 3 ideals of democracy illustrated in the Declaration of Independence.
Natural Rights
Republicanism
Popular Sovereignty
Social Contract
Which amendment to the Constitution establishes term limits for the president?
22nd Amendment
Explain the primary cause of debate between the
Federalists and the Anti-Federalists. (You should be able to identify AT LEAST one argument for each side)
The debate was based on whether or not the proposed US Constitution should be adopted. The Anti-Federalists believed that the Constitution would make the national government too strong and they would abuse their power. The Federalists believed a strong central government was essential to the success of the nation because the previous government was too weak.
Describe the background of the case of Baker v. Carr (1962). (SPECIFIC DETAILS)
Tenessee citizen Charles Baker felt that his vote did not count as much as others in the state because they hadn't reapportioned their districts in 60 years in spite of population changes. He filed suit with the Supreme Court claiming a violation of the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment.
In which foundational document can you find the following quote:
"If men were angels, no government would be necessary. If angels were to govern men, neither external nor internal controls on government would be necessary. In framing a government which is to be administered by men over men, the great difficulty lies in this: you must first enable the government to control the governed; and in the next place oblige it to control itself."
Federalist 51
Why was it nearly impossible to make changes to (or amend) the Articles of Confederation?
All of the original 13 states had to agree to any amendments that were made, making it impossible to make effective change.
Where in the Constitution can you find the powers of Congress? (SPECIFICALLY)
AND
Describe 2 of those powers
Article I Section 8 AND
(the following is not a complete list of possible answers)
Congress has the power to regulate/make laws about:
-interstate commerce
-taxing, borrowing, coining, and spending money on behalf of the US gov
-post offices and post roads
-anything "necessary and/or proper" for the success of the nation
A centralized government poses a major threat to individual rights.
Who would agree more with the statement above? Alexander Hamilton, or the author of Brutus I? Why?
Brutus, because he believed that a strong central government would dangerous for the rights of individuals and the states.
Explain the court's ruling in U.S. v. Lopez.
The court ruled that the Gun Free School Zone Act of 1990 was unconstitutional because it exceeds the authority of Congress to legislate under the commerce clause, as the issue at hand was unrelated to interstate commerce.
In which SCOTUS case did the decision lead to a strengthening of state sovereignty and state power and a more defined limit to Congress' power to legislate under the commerce clause?
U.S. v. Lopez
The Declaration of Independence states: “Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.” This was a revolutionary change from the system of British monarchy, which was based on the divine right of kings. For which of the ideals of democracy does this quote provide a foundation?
Popular Sovereignty
Identify one constitutional amendment that protects the rights of someone accused of a crime AND describe the protection that it affords them.
4 - no unreasonable searches or seizures
5 - can't be forced to incriminate yourself/ right to a grand jury in capital offenses (punishable by death)/no double jeopardy/ due process of law
6 - right to a fair and speedy trial/impartial jury/to know what you're accused of/witnesses
8 - no cruel and unusual punishment